二要看句意。一般說來，句子是否缺賓語，主要是看定語從句中的動(dòng)詞是否為及物動(dòng)詞或帶有介詞等，但問題是有些動(dòng)詞既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，它是否需要帶賓語則要視句意而定。比較：

This is the school where I studied five years ago. 這是我五年前讀過書的學(xué)校。（句中 study 用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“學(xué)習(xí)”或“讀書”）

This is the school that I studied five years ago. 這是我五年前研究過的那所學(xué)校。(句中 study 為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“研究”)

現(xiàn)在我們回到上面的試題來看一看，從理論上說，動(dòng)詞 know 可用作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞，也就是說它可以帶賓語也可以不帶賓語。但根據(jù)本句的意思（“他喜歡一個(gè)人生活，并說他要去一個(gè)沒有知道的地方”），know 應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)閺恼Z意上它要帶 place 作其賓語。

33. _________ was very _________ that little Jim wrote the letter.

A. It, careful            B. It, carefully         C. He, careful          D. He, carefully

【分析】此題正確答案為B，其余幾項(xiàng)均有可能被誤選。誤選的原因主要是將第二空所填之詞視為動(dòng)詞 was 的表語，從而誤選了形容詞 careful，并以此為依據(jù)在第一空誤填了代詞 He，誤認(rèn)為 He was very careful 是一個(gè)句子意群。其實(shí)，此題是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其非強(qiáng)調(diào)形式為 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的狀語 very carefully 即為上面一題的題干。請(qǐng)看下面幾例，也屬?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：

(1) It was when she was about to go to bed _________ the telephone rang.

A. since                    B. as                        C. that                      D. then

答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 when she was about to go to bed 這一時(shí)間狀語從句。

(2) It may have been at Christmas _________ John gave Mary a handbag.

A. before                  B. who                     C. that                      D. when

答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 at Christmas，其中的動(dòng)詞 be 采用了 may have been 這一較為復(fù)雜的形式。

(3) Who was it _________ saved the drowning girl?

A. since                    B. as                        C. that                      D. he

答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 who，該句實(shí)為 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式(即對(duì)其中的Tom 提問而得)。

(4) What is it _________ his daughter needs most?

A. what                    B. which                   C. that                      D. if

答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what，該句實(shí)為 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式(即對(duì)其中的bike 提問而得)。

(5) It was not until he came back _________ he knew the police were looking for him.

A. which                  B. since                    C. that                      D. before

答案選C，為 He didn’t know the police were looking for him until he came back. 之強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。注：not…until…的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式通常為 It was not until…that… 的形式。

34. The operation was successful, but I still felt _________.

A. very painful         B. much painful  C. a lot of pain            D. very paining

【分析】此題很容易誤選A，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為 painful 表示“感到疼痛的”，而其實(shí) painful 的實(shí)際意思卻是“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”，所以它通常只能用來說明事物，不宜用來說明人。所以此題應(yīng)選C。又如：

Does it still feel painful? 它還疼嗎？

My boots are still painful. 我的靴子仍夾得我的腳痛。

He will never forget the painful experience for the rest of his life. 這一段痛苦的經(jīng)歷，他永生難忘。

上面一題的最佳答案為C，pain 為名詞，又如：

Did you feel any pain? 你感覺痛嗎？

Where is the pain? 哪兒痛？

要用形容詞表示漢語的“感到疼痛的”，英語可用 pained。如：

We were all pained to hear of his death. 聽到他的死訊，我們都很痛苦。

He looked rather pained at your remarks. 聽了你的話他似乎很難受。

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