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《that用法新探》(中) | |||
作者:李 翔 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2013/4/22 |
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c. It was the Minister of Education that my mother threw an egg at the other day. (加強(qiáng)the Minister of Education) (我媽媽幾天前扔個(gè)雞蛋是給教育部長(zhǎng)的。不是別人) (筆者注: 本句也只能是分裂句,理由同上) d. It was an egg that my mother threw at the Minister of Education the other day. (加強(qiáng)an egg) (幾天前我媽媽向教育部長(zhǎng)所扔的東西是個(gè)雞蛋。不是別的東西) ② It is speed that causes accident, not bad roads. ③Was it Sunny or her mother who phoned? ④ It could have been he who helped Sunny get her work done. ⑤A: Who is coming to dinner tonight? B: It is Sunny and her mother (who are coming to dinner tonight.) 如果是回答疑問句“who?”或“whom?”,答句中的定語(yǔ)從句都是省略的,以避免重復(fù)。如上句里省略的who are coming to dinner tonight。 4. 趙振才教授在《英語(yǔ)常見問題解答大詞典》(增訂版)(世界圖書西安出版公司2005年3月第1版)p285-286指出: cleft sentence4 (強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別) 【問】(A) It is a question that needs careful consideration. (B) It is novels that Miss enjoys reading. 上面兩個(gè)句子是否屬于同一句型?如果不屬于同一句型,如何區(qū)分它們? 【答】句(A)是個(gè)含定語(yǔ)從句的句子。在這里it是指示代詞;it is (was) a question是個(gè)主語(yǔ)-系詞-表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。如果去掉it is (was)… that,句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整了。而句(B)是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。在這里it是個(gè)引詞,沒有具體含義。如果去掉it is(was)… that,則語(yǔ)序稍加調(diào)整,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍是完整的。此外,帶定語(yǔ)從句的句子與強(qiáng)調(diào)句還有以下區(qū)別: A. 在定語(yǔ)從句中一般使用that、零關(guān)系代詞、wh-形式 (who, whom, whose, when, where等),而在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中則主要使用that,who或零關(guān)系代詞,而較少使用wh-形式 (尤其是whom, when, where)。 B. 在定語(yǔ)從句中,先行詞 (中心詞)一般是名詞或名詞短語(yǔ);而在強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)句中,可以用副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)作先行詞: It was yesterday that he met your father. It was not until two decades ago that transistors began to replace electron tubes on a large scale. It was because he was ill (that) we decided to return. C.在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that, who, which是不可以省略的;而在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中卻是可以省略的。當(dāng)然這種省略常常是非正式語(yǔ)體用法: It was the President himself spoke to me. 5.單亦禎在其主編的《通用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教程》p243-246指出:分裂句與一般含定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句不同,主要在于:分裂句中所含定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是放在句首It,而一般含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句的先行詞都是緊挨或接近從句。因而分裂句中靠這從句的地方就不是從句直接限制的詞語(yǔ),而是所強(qiáng)調(diào)的原句名詞性成分或狀語(yǔ),也可以是一個(gè)專有名詞;而在一般含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,由于專有名詞指獨(dú)有事物無(wú)須限定,專有名詞就不會(huì)作為限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞出現(xiàn)在緊靠或靠近該從句的地方。
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