比較：　　

It’s Chalsea (that) he lives in. (分裂句)　　

It was 　　Taylor　　 who/that met Roberts. (分裂句)　　

It was Roberts (that/ whom) 　　Taylor　　 met. (分裂句)　　

以表示時(shí)間、處所、方式(筆者注：從下文來看應(yīng)為原因。)的名詞為先行詞的定語從句，可以用關(guān)系副詞when, where引導(dǎo)；而分裂句所含定語從句的先行詞總是語義籠統(tǒng)的it, 即使分裂句強(qiáng)調(diào)的原句時(shí)間、處所、方式狀語，一般還是用that引導(dǎo)，不用when, where, why。例如：　　

It was 1945. Yes, that was the year when I first met James. (定語從句)　　

It was 1945 that I first met James. (分裂句)　　

That is the bank where (in which) they met. (或That’s the bank they met in.) (定語從句)　　

It is the bank that they met. (分裂句)　　

That was the reason why he had filed his protest. (定語從句)　　

That was for the reason that he had filed his protest. (分裂句)　　

有的語法書講：一般定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞that/who不可省略；而分裂句中所含定語從句的主語that/who可以省略。實(shí)際上，一般定語從句如其主句以It/That is開頭者，作從句主語的that/who同樣可以省略。例如：　　

It/That’s a thing (that) might happen to anyone. (一般定語從句)　　

It’s not a thing (that) would disturb me. (一般定語從句)　　

It was a sad thing (that) befell him. (分裂句)　　

以上三句的前兩句中，定語從句的先行詞是a thing，第三句分裂句所含定語從句先行詞卻是It。除了這一主要不同外，兩種句子的語調(diào)重心(特別重讀詞語)也不相同。前兩句定語從句的先行詞是a thing不特別重讀，兩句特別重讀“happen to 'anyone” “dis'turb”；而第三句分裂句中特別重讀的是所要強(qiáng)調(diào)的 a 'sad thing，其后定語從句卻不特別重讀。再比較下列各組例句中前、后兩句。前句為一般定語從句，從句中心詞語即語調(diào)核心；而后句為分裂句，關(guān)系代詞前的主句表語才是語調(diào)核心。　　

That/It was the dog (that) I gave the water (最重讀) to.　　

It was the dog(最重讀) (that) I gave the water to!　　

This is the money that is most (最重讀) needed (重讀).　　

It’s money (最重讀) that’s most needed.　　

It is a dream that has come (重讀) true (最重讀).　　

It was a curious (最重讀) dream (重讀) (that) I had last night.　　

6. Randolph Quirk等著的A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE《英語語法大全》(翻譯本)(華東師范大學(xué)出版社 1989年9月第1版) P1913-1914指出：分裂句中的第二個(gè)分句，在結(jié)構(gòu)上顯然與限制性關(guān)系分句相似，但還是有很大的差別。用于關(guān)系分句的代詞(who, that, “零”代詞)也用來引導(dǎo)分裂句。把代詞提前到句首也會(huì)使人聯(lián)想到這是關(guān)系分句；此外，和在關(guān)系分句中一樣，代詞可以從介詞短語內(nèi)某個(gè)位置提前到句首，或從作賓語的名詞分句中的某個(gè)后進(jìn)先出的位置上提到句首：　　

It’s the girl that I was complaining about. (意即not the boy)　　

It’s next week’s match that he’s hoping to attend. (意即not week’s match)　　

It’s this watch I said I would let you have. (意即not that)　　

然而，與關(guān)系分句的區(qū)別在于：與that和零代詞相比，wh-形式在分裂句中用的非常少，雖然whose可用于分裂句(It’s Uncle Bill whose address I lost.)，但是whom和 which只是勉強(qiáng)可用，而whom和 which之前如果有一個(gè)介詞，實(shí)際上不能用于分裂句。因此可以只把下面一句　　

It was a dog to which I gave the water。　　

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