2. 根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣來(lái)確定

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)除根據(jù)句意來(lái)確定外，有時(shí)還要遵循英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，尤其是在有些表達(dá)中，盡管意義上是被動(dòng)的，但形式上卻要用主動(dòng)式來(lái)表達(dá)。如：

This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (遼寧卷)

A. operating        B. to be operating      C. operated               D. to operate

解析：答案為D。sth is easy to do 這類(lèi)句式中，盡管句子主語(yǔ)與 easy 后的不定式具有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，該不定式習(xí)慣上卻要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，而不能直接使用被動(dòng)形式。又如：The shower is easy to install — it needs only to be connected up to the hot and cold water supply. 淋浴器很容易安裝——只要接上冷熱水就行。

3. 注意用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)

例1  When ______ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (安徽卷)

A. asking                B. asked                 C. having asked      D. to be asked

解析：答案為B。由于句子主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞 ask 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故可排除 A 和 C；再根據(jù)句意和動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，最佳答案應(yīng)為 B。又如：When asked for your views about your current job, on no account must you be negative about it. 被問(wèn)及你對(duì)自己目前工作的看法時(shí)，無(wú)論如何不要流露出消極情緒。

例2  After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ______. (山東卷)

A. providing          B. provided          C. having provided  D. provide

解析：答案為B。由于 the envelop 與動(dòng)詞 provide 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故只能選 B，其余三項(xiàng)均不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。又如：Members shall enter the names of their guests in the book provided. 會(huì)員必須把所邀客人的名字登記在提供的本子上。

四、識(shí)別假非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)的技巧

有些考題盡管選項(xiàng)用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作干擾，但命題者其實(shí)不是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這其中真正的考點(diǎn)通常有兩種可能：一是考查祈使句，二是考查某些特殊句式。如：

例1  ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. (北京卷)

A. Knock                B. Knocking            C. Knocked             D. To knock

解析：答案為A。此題從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)來(lái)看，好像是在考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但實(shí)際上，本題考查的是祈使句的用法，即該句的主句是一個(gè)祈使句，句子后半部分是一個(gè)由 before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。又如：Before you send the letter, check with Bill to see if the address is right. 你在寄信之前找比爾核對(duì)一下，看地址對(duì)不對(duì)。

例2  I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ______ his job. (浙江卷)

A. quits                    B. to quit                 C. quitting                D. quit

解析：答案為D。根據(jù) either…or…的搭配特點(diǎn)，空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)與study 形式相同的動(dòng)詞，也就是用動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為 D。又如：You can either come by bus or take a taxi. 你可乘公共汽車(chē)來(lái)或是坐的士來(lái)。

（編輯  陳根花）

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