![]() ![]() |
做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考題的常用技巧 |
作者:劉青沅 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2013-05-17 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
|
做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考題的常用技巧 作者:劉青沅(湖南) 來源:《第二課堂(高中版)》,2013年第05期 綜觀歷年高考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考題,其考點(diǎn)主要不外乎以下四類:一是要求考生確定該用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式?動(dòng)名詞?現(xiàn)在分詞?過去分詞?);二是要求考生確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用什么時(shí)態(tài)(一般式?進(jìn)行式?完成式?);三是要求考生確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用什么語(yǔ)態(tài)(主動(dòng)式?被動(dòng)式?);四是在考查其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)時(shí)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞選項(xiàng)作干擾,要求考生能準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別。下面我們分別就這四類考點(diǎn)的應(yīng)對(duì)技巧作一歸納,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。 一、確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的技巧 1. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)確定 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的具體使用有許多“規(guī)則”,其中最基本、最簡(jiǎn)單,同時(shí)也是最常考的一條是:介詞后通常要用動(dòng)名詞,不用不定式。這一點(diǎn)雖然看似簡(jiǎn)單,但許多容易忽略,尤其是當(dāng)介詞與所考查的動(dòng)名詞被其他成分所隔開時(shí),更是容易被忽略。如: 例1 One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. (北京卷) A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 解析:答案為D。making mistakes 和 correcting them 為兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞,用作介詞 by 的賓語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)采用相同的形式。又如:When you are cooking it’s best to clear up as you go, instead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with. 烹調(diào)時(shí),最好是邊干邊收拾,而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆東西要打掃收拾。 例2 Pressed from his parents, and ______ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. (福建卷) A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 解析:答案為A。介詞 from 后接有兩個(gè)并列成分作賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)是 his parents,另一個(gè)是 realizing that…。句意為:一方面來自父母的壓力,另一方面自己也意識(shí)到已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了太多時(shí)間,這個(gè)男孩決定不再玩電子游戲了。又如:After looking up their number in the phone book and making sure l had got it right, I phoned again. 我查了電話簿,確信電話號(hào)碼無(wú)誤之后,我又打了電話。 2. 根據(jù)搭配習(xí)慣確定 英語(yǔ)中有許多需要與特定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞搭配的表達(dá),如有些動(dòng)詞只接不定式作賓語(yǔ),而有些動(dòng)詞則只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ);有些動(dòng)詞可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ),而有些動(dòng)詞卻不能接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ);有些固定搭配習(xí)慣上只允許與不定式搭配,有些固定搭配習(xí)慣上只允許與現(xiàn)在分詞搭配,還有些固定搭配則習(xí)慣上只允許與過去分詞搭配;等等——所有這些都有可能成為高考的考點(diǎn),所以記住這些搭配習(xí)慣對(duì)做題至關(guān)重要。如: 例1 I remembered ______ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (安徽卷) A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 解析:答案為B。remember 后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)均可,但意思不同:后接不定式表示記住要做某事,后接動(dòng)名詞表示記住做過的事情。根據(jù)句意,選B最合適。句意為:我在離開辦公室前記住了要鎖門,但忘記了要關(guān)燈。又如:Please remember to water the plants while I’m away. 我不在時(shí),請(qǐng)記住澆花。 例2 Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ______ to the new students. (江西卷) A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken 解析:答案為C。考查 invite sb to do sth 句式,但試題中用的是 invite 的被動(dòng)式。又如:Don’t forget we’re invited to the Jones’ for drinks on Sunday. 別忘了我們受邀請(qǐng)到瓊斯家參加星期日的酒會(huì)。 例3 If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge. (陜西卷) A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet 解析:答案為D。have no choice but to do sth 為英語(yǔ)固定句式,意為“除了做某事外別無(wú)選擇;只好做某事”,其中的不定式不可改為其他形式。又如:For the above reasons, the management has no choice but to close the factory. 基于上述原因,管理層沒有辦法,只好關(guān)閉工廠。 例4 As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed _______ into the sports club. (上海卷) A. going B. to go C. go D. gone 解析:答案為B。考查allow sb to do sth(允許某人做某事)句式,此題屬該句式的被動(dòng)式,表示“被允許做某事”。又如:Exam candidates are not allowed to use advanced calculators with database capability. 考生不得使用有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)功能的高級(jí)計(jì)算器。 例5 When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say. (上海卷) A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of 解析:答案為A。考查 have trouble doing sth(做某事有困難)的用法,其中的 doing sth 習(xí)慣上不能改為不定式或過去分詞,但可在 doing sth 前加上介詞 in(加上介詞 in 后,doing 為動(dòng)名詞)。又如:No, I don’t know his number—I have quite enough trouble remembering my own. 不,我不知道他的號(hào)碼,我光記自己的號(hào)碼就夠困難的了。 |
![]() ![]() |