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做非謂語動(dòng)詞考題的常用技巧
作者：劉青沅（湖南）
來源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2013年第05期
綜觀歷年高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞考題，其考點(diǎn)主要不外乎以下四類：一是要求考生確定該用何種非謂語動(dòng)詞（不定式？動(dòng)名詞？現(xiàn)在分詞？過去分詞？）；二是要求考生確定非謂語動(dòng)詞用什么時(shí)態(tài)（一般式？進(jìn)行式？完成式？）；三是要求考生確定非謂語動(dòng)詞用什么語態(tài)（主動(dòng)式？被動(dòng)式？）；四是在考查其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)時(shí)用非謂語動(dòng)詞選項(xiàng)作干擾，要求考生能準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別。下面我們分別就這四類考點(diǎn)的應(yīng)對(duì)技巧作一歸納，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。
一、確定非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的技巧
1. 根據(jù)語法特點(diǎn)確定
英語語法對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的具體使用有許多“規(guī)則”，其中最基本、最簡(jiǎn)單，同時(shí)也是最常考的一條是：介詞后通常要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。這一點(diǎn)雖然看似簡(jiǎn)單，但許多容易忽略，尤其是當(dāng)介詞與所考查的動(dòng)名詞被其他成分所隔開時(shí)，更是容易被忽略。如：
例1 One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. (北京卷)
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
解析：答案為D。making mistakes 和 correcting them 為兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞，用作介詞 by 的賓語，所以應(yīng)采用相同的形式。又如：When you are cooking it’s best to clear up as you go, instead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with. 烹調(diào)時(shí)，最好是邊干邊收拾，而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆東西要打掃收拾。
例2 Pressed from his parents, and ______ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. (福建卷)
A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
解析：答案為A。介詞 from 后接有兩個(gè)并列成分作賓語，一個(gè)是 his parents，另一個(gè)是 realizing that…。句意為：一方面來自父母的壓力，另一方面自己也意識(shí)到已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了太多時(shí)間，這個(gè)男孩決定不再玩電子游戲了。又如：After looking up their number in the phone book and making sure l had got it right, I phoned again. 我查了電話簿，確信電話號(hào)碼無誤之后，我又打了電話。
2. 根據(jù)搭配習(xí)慣確定
英語中有許多需要與特定非謂語動(dòng)詞搭配的表達(dá)，如有些動(dòng)詞只接不定式作賓語，而有些動(dòng)詞則只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語；有些動(dòng)詞可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，而有些動(dòng)詞卻不能接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語；有些固定搭配習(xí)慣上只允許與不定式搭配，有些固定搭配習(xí)慣上只允許與現(xiàn)在分詞搭配，還有些固定搭配則習(xí)慣上只允許與過去分詞搭配；等等——所有這些都有可能成為高考的考點(diǎn)，所以記住這些搭配習(xí)慣對(duì)做題至關(guān)重要。如：
例1 I remembered ______ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (安徽卷)
A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked
解析：答案為B。remember 后接不定式作賓語和動(dòng)名詞作賓語均可，但意思不同：后接不定式表示記住要做某事，后接動(dòng)名詞表示記住做過的事情。根據(jù)句意，選B最合適。句意為：我在離開辦公室前記住了要鎖門，但忘記了要關(guān)燈。又如：Please remember to water the plants while I’m away. 我不在時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住澆花。
例2 Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ______ to the new students. (江西卷)
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
解析：答案為C。考查 invite sb to do sth 句式，但試題中用的是 invite 的被動(dòng)式。又如：Don’t forget we’re invited to the Jones’ for drinks on Sunday. 別忘了我們受邀請(qǐng)到瓊斯家參加星期日的酒會(huì)。
例3 If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge. (陜西卷)
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
解析：答案為D。have no choice but to do sth 為英語固定句式，意為“除了做某事外別無選擇；只好做某事”，其中的不定式不可改為其他形式。又如：For the above reasons, the management has no choice but to close the factory. 基于上述原因，管理層沒有辦法，只好關(guān)閉工廠。
例4 As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed _______ into the sports club. (上海卷)
A. going B. to go C. go D. gone
解析：答案為B。考查allow sb to do sth（允許某人做某事）句式，此題屬該句式的被動(dòng)式，表示“被允許做某事”。又如：Exam candidates are not allowed to use advanced calculators with database capability. 考生不得使用有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)功能的高級(jí)計(jì)算器。
例5 When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say. (上海卷)
A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of
解析：答案為A。考查 have trouble doing sth（做某事有困難）的用法，其中的 doing sth 習(xí)慣上不能改為不定式或過去分詞，但可在 doing sth 前加上介詞 in（加上介詞 in 后，doing 為動(dòng)名詞）。又如：No, I don’t know his number—I have quite enough trouble remembering my own. 不，我不知道他的號(hào)碼，我光記自己的號(hào)碼就夠困難的了。
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