Ⅱ. 詞類

3 在英語語法中主要把詞分為8大類：

1. 名詞：表示人、物或地方等，如：John, teacher; table, pen; London; beauty.

2. 代詞：用來代替名詞，以避免重復某個名詞，如：I，you, it, that, those, them.

3. 形容詞：用來修飾或限制某個 (些) 名詞，如：good (man), white (paper), every (book), much (water), (John is) honest, (He seems) lazy. 被修飾或限制的名詞，叫做主體詞 (head-word)。

4. 動詞：表示行為或狀態，如：speak, read, go, think, is, seem.

5. 介詞：表示它后面的名詞 (或代詞) 跟它前面的動詞、另一名詞或形容詞的關系。這些名詞 (或代詞) 稱為介詞的賓語。

介詞賓語和介詞構成介詞短語。

He went to school. (介詞to把名詞school和動詞went聯系起來)

He stood by me.

He asked for it.

The book on the desk is mine. (介詞on把名詞book和另一名詞desk聯系起來)

He lives in a house on the mountain. 他住在山上的一幢房子里。

The bridge across this river is built by a Frenchman. 河上的橋是一位法國人修建的。

He is sure of it. 他對此很有把握。 (of聯系it和sure.)

It is good for you. 這對你有好處。

He is angry with Mary. 他生瑪麗的氣。

6. 副詞：修飾或限制動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，乃至介詞、連詞及整個句子。

He walked slowly. 他走得很慢。

He did it carefully. 他干得很仔細。

He is a very kind man. 他是一個非常善良的人。

John is truly honest. 約翰的確很誠實。

He arrived too late. 他到得太晚了。

He walked rather slowly. 他走得相當慢。

He sat far behind me. 他坐在我后面挺遠的地方。

He arrived exactly at seven. 他在7點整到達。

He will come probably after we take lunch. 他可能在我們吃午飯之后到達。

He loves her just because she is pretty. 他愛她只是因為她漂亮。

Luckily, he got back his money. 幸好他把錢要回來了。

Historically, China is a great nation. 從歷史上看中國是個偉大的國家。

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