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主語從句中的虛擬語氣問題

■ it is important that…類句型中的主語從句用虛擬語氣

在It is important that...句式中，其中由that引導的主語從句通常用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should在美國英語中通常省略。如：

It is important that he work hard. 他用功是很重要的。

It is important that he should know about this. 他必須知道此事。

It’s important that we (should) reply to her letter. 回復她的信是重要的。

It is important that we should speah politely. 我們說話要有禮貌，這是很重要的。

注：與本句型相似的還有以下句型：

1. it is necessary that…句型：

It is necessary that I should return it this morning. 今天早上我就有必要還回去。

It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist. 沒有必要使每一個人都成為科學家。

2. it is impossible that…句型：

It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能會回家去。

3. it is essential that…句型：

It is essential that the meeting start at eight. 會議務必在8點鐘開始。

It is essential that we should tell her the news. 我們有必要告訴她這個消息。

4. it is desirable that…句型：

It is desirable that everything should be ready by five o’clock. 最好一切在5點前準備就緒。

It is desirable that there should be a cold season once a year. 每年有一個寒冷的季節，是很令人盼望的。

5. it is advisable that…句型：

It is advisable that everyone should have a map. 最好每一個人都有一張地圖。

It is advisable that he should see a dentist regularly. 他定期去看牙科醫生是明智的。

■ it is strange that…類句型中的主語從句用虛擬語氣

在It is strange that...句式中，其中由that引導的主語從句可以陳述語氣，也可以用虛擬語氣，其區別是：用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形）主要強調驚訝之意，其感情色彩比較濃；若不特別強調感情色彩，則用陳述語氣。比較：

It’s strange that there are no lights on. 真奇怪，沒有一盞燈是開著的。

It’s strange that there should be no lights on. 真奇怪，竟然沒有一盞燈是開著的。

It’s strange that he has left without telling us. 奇怪，他沒有和我們說一聲就走了。

It’s strange that he should have left without telling us. 奇怪，他竟然沒有和我們說一聲就走了。

注：與本句型相似的還有以下句型：

1. it is natural that…句型：

It’s natural that you should forget it. 你忘了這事不足為奇。

It is quite natural that he should think so. 他這樣想是很自然的事。

2. it is amazing that…句型：

It is amazing that they’re still together. 他們還在一起，真是讓人感到驚訝。

It is amazing that they should still be together. 他們竟然還在一起，真是讓人感到驚訝。

3. it is astonishing that…句型：

It’s astonishing that she says that sort of thing to you. 她對你說出那種話，真叫人吃驚。

It’s astonishing that she should say that sort of thing to you. 她居然對你說出那種話，真叫人吃驚。

4. it is surprising that…句型：

It is surprising that she has married a farmer. 她和農民結婚實在令人意想不到。

It is surprising that she should have married a farmer. 她居然和農民結婚實在令人意想不到。

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