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those后接定語的六種類型

■湖南  陳穆嘉

類型一 those后接形容詞（短語）作定語

those后接形容詞（短語）作定語時，通常可視為一個省略的定語從句（即定語從句省略了“用作主語關系代詞+系動詞be”）。如：

All those eligible will receive a cash handout. 所有符合條件的人都將得到一筆救濟款。

There was public outcry from those opposed to abortion. 反墮胎人士公開大聲抗議。

The meat is divided up among all those present at the kill. 在獵殺現場的人把肉分了。

They demanded that those responsible be brought to justice. 他們要求將責任人緝拿歸案。

the needs of those unable to respond to the imperatives of an enterprise culture. 那些不能積極響應企業文化核心要求的人的需求

類型二 those后接現在分詞（短語）作定語

若those與其后動詞之間為主謂關系，則動詞用現在分詞。如：

Buses carry 30 per cent of those travelling by road. 公交車承載了公路交通客流量的30%。

The new law clearly benefits those earning the most money. 新法律顯然使那些收入最高的人受益。

All those appearing on the register must notify the authorities of any change of address. 登記簿上的地址變更必須通知相關機構。

類型三 those后接過去分詞（短語）作定語

若those與其后動詞之間為被動關系，則動詞用過去分詞。如：

Only 18 percent of those surveyed opposed the idea. 被調查者中只有 18%的人反對該主張。

The church service is a memorial to those killed in the war. 教堂里舉行的儀式是紀念在戰爭中犧牲的人們。

All those invited to next week’s peace conference have accepted. 所有受邀參加下星期和平會談的人都已同意出席。

注：有時過去分詞還可以帶有修飾語。如：

The badly wounded have [take] priority for medical attention over those only slightly hurt.  重傷號比輕傷號優先得到醫療照顧。

Counselling is being given to those most immediately affected by the tragedy. 目前正在向慘劇的最直接受害者提供咨詢服務。

類型四 those后接不定式短語作定語

若those后動詞表示的是將要發生的情況，則動詞用不定式。如：

I’m going to sort these old books into those to be kept and those to be thrown away. 我打算把這些舊書分成要留下的和要扔掉的兩類。

類型五 those后接介詞短語作定語

those后接介詞短語作定語時，通常可視為一個省略的定語從句（即定語從句省略了“用作主語關系代詞+系動詞be”）。如：

Have some consideration for those without a job. 體諒一下那些沒有工作的人。

You do have to consider the feelings of those around you. 你的確需要考慮周圍人的感受。

Requirements for feminine nutrition are different from those for men. 女性的營養需求與男性不同。

The group has little influence over those outside its own ranks. 這個團體對非成員沒什么影響力。

There is no alternative for those with no car of their own. 沒有私家車的人就沒有選擇余地了。

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