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during which與during which time之異同

■湖北武漢  曾克輝

一、during which的用法

during which相當于during the time / the period / the course of …， 既可用于限制性定語從句也可用于非限制性定語從句，可指時間，也可指過程或階段等，意為“在……期間；在……過程中；在……階段”等。

1. during which 用于限制性定語從句時，修飾對象為先行詞，先行詞在定語從句中表“在……期間；在……過程中”。如：

September and October are the months of the year during which most English people take their holidays. 一年中9、10兩個月是大多數英國人休假的月份。

說明：句中的during which = and during the time of the months of the year 表“一年中的這兩個月間”。

In 1988, Vietnam and china fought a brief naval battle during which more than 70 Vietnamese sailors died. 1988年，越南和中國曾進行過一次小規模海戰，70多名越南士兵在戰斗中喪生。

說明：句中的during which = and during the course of the brief naval battle 表“小規模海戰期間”。

2. during which 用于非限制性定語從句時，不修飾整個句子，只修飾句子中的某個詞（組），被修飾的詞（組），在從句中表“在……期間；在……過程中”。如：

She kept her vow for a week, during which she was unusually cross and fretful.  她信守誓言有一星期之久，但在這一星期內，她顯得五心煩躁，動不動就發脾氣。

說明：句中的during which = and during the time of the week 表“在這一星期期間”。

He died in the Anti-Japanese War, during which my grandfather fought side by side with him. 他在抗日戰爭中為國捐軀，在抗戰期間，我祖父曾與他并肩戰斗過。

說明：句中的during which = and during the period of the Anti-Japanese War 表“在抗日戰爭期間”。

二、during which time的用法

during which time 相當于 during the time that/when + clause，只指時間，表示“在……期間”。

1. during which time通常用于非限制性定語從句，修飾前面主句，側重點不在于主句中的時間名詞，而是整個句子。如：

It took two years for me to get better, during which time he spoon-fed me and did absolutely everything around the house.  我過了兩年時間才好起來，其間他喂我進食，并承擔全部的家務。

說明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that it took two years for me to get better 表“我過了兩年時間才好起來”的整個過程。

He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine. 他上了四年大學，這期間他學了醫學。

說明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that he spent four years in college表“他上了四年大學”的整個過程。

2. during which time間或用于限制性定語從句，但仍是說明前面整個主句，所表達的還是非限制性定語從句的意義。如：

She lived for only seven weeks during which time her sister, Victoria, bought her a small teddy bear. 她只活了7周，在這期間，她的姐姐維多利亞給她買了一個小泰迪熊。

說明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that she lived for only seven weeks表“她活了7周”這段時間。

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