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原創易錯非謂語動詞考題賞析

1. Anyone ______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.

A. seen carry                                     B. seen carrying

C. saw to carry                                   D. saw carrying

【賞析】此題答案選B，anyone seen carrying bags…為 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中過去分詞短語 seen carrying bags … 用作定語修飾代詞 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 為 see sb doing sth 這一結構的被動式。

2. Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could _______ more money.

A. make                B. to make            C. making              D. made

【賞析】此題容易誤選A。有的同學一看到空格前的情態動詞 could 就斷定此處應填動詞原形 make。其實正確答案應是B，此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動詞 do，若把句子補完整應為Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could do to make more money，即句中的不定式短語(to make more money)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態動詞(could)一起構成謂語。請再看類似例句：

(1) My parents did what they could _____ my aunt and uncle.

A. help                   B. to help

C. helping               D. helped

(2) He read what he could _____ his knowledge.

A. widen                B. to widen

C. widening             D. widened

以上兩題均選B，即選不定式，且此不定式為目的狀語。但是，同學們若據此形成思維定勢，也會麻煩。為此，請再看兩題：

(3) He ran as fast as he could ____to catch the bus.

A. hope                  B. to hope

C. hoping               D. hoped

此題的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的現在分詞短語 hoping to catch the bus 用作伴隨狀語，即一邊跑一邊希望能趕上早班車。但是，如果選B，將 to hope to catch the bus 視為目的狀語行不行呢？不行。因為“他拼命地跑”目的是“為了趕上公共汽車”，而不是“為了希望趕上公共汽車”，換句話說，將“希望”作為“目的”不妥。因為同樣的原因，下面一題也應選 hoping：

He studied as hard as he could _____ to enter a good college.

A. hope                   B. to hope

C. hoping                D. hoped

(4) He spent every minute he could ______ foreign languages.

A. study                    B. to study

C. studying               D. studied

此題也應選C，但是，它與上題選現在分詞 hoping 表伴隨有所不同，此題的 studying 其實與其前的動詞 spend 有關，即套用的是“spend + 時間或金錢 + (in) doing sth”這一句型。

3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for sports.

A. devoted to do                                   B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing                              D. is devoted to doing

【賞析】此題最佳答案為B。現分析如下：

(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻身于”，主要用于 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不用不定式。

(2) 選A錯誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。

(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨立主格結構，用作狀語。

(4) 選C錯誤：因為all her time 與 devote 為被動關系，故應將devoting改為devoted。

(5) 選D錯誤：若單獨看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒有錯，但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或將D中的is 改為 being也可以。

4. “What made her struggle _____ an artist so hard?” “____ she was a woman.”

A. became, 不填                                  B. to become, 不填 

C. become, That                                   D. to become, That

【賞析】此題容易誤選C，想當然地認為第一空應填 become (不帶to)，是因為其前有使役動詞 made。其實，此題應選D，在 What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? 一句中，what 是句子主語，made 是謂語，her struggle to become an artist 是賓語 (其中的不定式 to become an artist 是修飾her struggle 的定語)，so hard 是賓語補足語。許多同學誤選C是將 her struggle 看作賓語，而將 become an artist 看作是賓語補足語，照此分析，so hard 又是什么成分呢？第二空填 That，用以引導主語從句 (此 that 不可省略)，其后的謂語和賓語等被省略，若補充完整，即為 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.

5. I found I could easily make myself ______ by using sign language.

A. understood                                      B. understand

C. to understand                                  D. being understood

【賞析】答案選A，但容易誤選B，即硬套“make + 名詞或代詞 + 動詞原形”這一結構。但是對于該結構同學們忽略了一點，就是該結構中的名詞或代詞應與其后動詞有邏輯上的主謂關系，而對于上面一題，myself 與動詞 understand 顯然不是主謂關系，而是動賓關系，或者說是被動關系，故此時的動詞應用過去分詞表被動。又如：

(1) As a teacher, you should make yourself _____.

A. respect              B. respecting

C. respected           D. to respect

(2) He spoke loudly so as to make his voice _____.

A. hear                B. hearing

C. heard               D. to hear

(3) Do you know what made her so ______?

A. frighten             B. frightening

C. frightened          D. to frighten

答案均選C，即用過去分詞表示被動意義（其中 frightened 為過去分詞轉化來的形容詞）。

6. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.

A. you fly              B. your flight        C. flight                D. flying

【賞析】最佳答案為D。由于空格后出現了constantly這一副詞，這就說明不能選B或C，因為B、C均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾。A和D均是可能的，因為其中有動詞 fly。但若選A，you fly 是一個主謂結構，與其后的謂語 will be 相沖突，所以只能選D，即動名詞flying在此用作主語。

7. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.

A. to work, to do                                B. to working, to doing

C. to work, to doing                           D. to working, to do

【賞析】正確答案為B，因為 get used to與pay attention to 這兩個結構中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不能用動詞原形。類似地，以下各結構中的 to 也是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時也應用動名詞，而不是動詞原形：

look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事       

be opposed to doing sth 反對做某事

object to doing sth反對做某事

stick to doing sth 堅持做某事

get down to doing sth 開始做某事

take to doing sth 喜歡上做某事

admit to doing 承認做了某事

pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的時間用于(奉獻于)做某事

be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事

What do you say to doing sth 你認為做某事怎么樣

8. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”

A. typing                 B. to be typed       C. typed                  D. to type

【賞析】此題容易誤選D，根據 have sth to do 這一常用結構推出。其實，最佳答案是B。確實，在“have+賓語+不定式”結構中，用作定語的不定式通常用主動式表示被動含義，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即盡管其中的 some clothes 與其后的不定式 to wash 具有被動關系，但卻習慣上用主動式表示被動意義。但值得指出的是，這類句型的主語與其后的不定式具有主動關系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由該句主語 I 來完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 這一動作不是由句子主語 you來完成的，而是由說話者“我”來完成的。比較：

Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海嗎？你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎？

I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下個星期我要去上海，我隨身要帶很多東西去。