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4. “What made her struggle _____ an artist so hard?” “____ she was a woman.”

A. became, 不填                                  B. to become, 不填 

C. become, That                                   D. to become, That

【賞析】此題容易誤選C，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為第一空應(yīng)填 become (不帶to)，是因為其前有使役動詞 made。其實，此題應(yīng)選D，在 What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? 一句中，what 是句子主語，made 是謂語，her struggle to become an artist 是賓語 (其中的不定式 to become an artist 是修飾her struggle 的定語)，so hard 是賓語補足語。許多同學(xué)誤選C是將 her struggle 看作賓語，而將 become an artist 看作是賓語補足語，照此分析，so hard 又是什么成分呢？第二空填 That，用以引導(dǎo)主語從句 (此 that 不可省略)，其后的謂語和賓語等被省略，若補充完整，即為 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.

5. I found I could easily make myself ______ by using sign language.

A. understood                                      B. understand

C. to understand                                  D. being understood

【賞析】答案選A，但容易誤選B，即硬套“make + 名詞或代詞 + 動詞原形”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。但是對于該結(jié)構(gòu)同學(xué)們忽略了一點，就是該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞應(yīng)與其后動詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而對于上面一題，myself 與動詞 understand 顯然不是主謂關(guān)系，而是動賓關(guān)系，或者說是被動關(guān)系，故此時的動詞應(yīng)用過去分詞表被動。又如：

(1) As a teacher, you should make yourself _____.

A. respect              B. respecting

C. respected           D. to respect

(2) He spoke loudly so as to make his voice _____.

A. hear                B. hearing

C. heard               D. to hear

(3) Do you know what made her so ______?

A. frighten             B. frightening

C. frightened          D. to frighten

答案均選C，即用過去分詞表示被動意義（其中 frightened 為過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞）。

6. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.

A. you fly              B. your flight        C. flight                D. flying

【賞析】最佳答案為D。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞，這就說明不能選B或C，因為B、C均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾。A和D均是可能的，因為其中有動詞 fly。但若選A，you fly 是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，與其后的謂語 will be 相沖突，所以只能選D，即動名詞flying在此用作主語。

7. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.

A. to work, to do                                B. to working, to doing

C. to work, to doing                           D. to working, to do

【賞析】正確答案為B，因為 get used to與pay attention to 這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不能用動詞原形。類似地，以下各結(jié)構(gòu)中的 to 也是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時也應(yīng)用動名詞，而不是動詞原形：

look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事       

be opposed to doing sth 反對做某事

object to doing sth反對做某事

stick to doing sth 堅持做某事

get down to doing sth 開始做某事

take to doing sth 喜歡上做某事

admit to doing 承認(rèn)做了某事

pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的時間用于(奉獻(xiàn)于)做某事

be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事

What do you say to doing sth 你認(rèn)為做某事怎么樣

8. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”

A. typing                 B. to be typed       C. typed                  D. to type

【賞析】此題容易誤選D，根據(jù) have sth to do 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)推出。其實，最佳答案是B。確實，在“have+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用作定語的不定式通常用主動式表示被動含義，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即盡管其中的 some clothes 與其后的不定式 to wash 具有被動關(guān)系，但卻習(xí)慣上用主動式表示被動意義。但值得指出的是，這類句型的主語與其后的不定式具有主動關(guān)系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由該句主語 I 來完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 這一動作不是由句子主語 you來完成的，而是由說話者“我”來完成的。比較：

Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海嗎？你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎？

I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下個星期我要去上海，我隨身要帶很多東西去。