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六個重要的比較結構用法歸納

1. as…as的用法特點

其間只能接形容詞與副詞的原級，不能用比較級和最高級。有時該結構可受 (not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等的修飾，注意這些修飾語必須置于第一個as之前，而不能置于其后。如：

The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen. 餐廳是廚房的兩倍大。

At best we can do only half as much as last year. 我們最多能完成去年工作量的一半。

注：該結構中的形容詞有時還可修飾另一名詞，但這個名詞應帶有不定冠詞(注意詞序)。比較：

She is as good a cook as her mother.= She is a cook as good as her mother. 她和她媽媽一樣是位好廚師。

2. more and more的用法特點

其意為“越來越……”，其后可接修飾名詞(不可數名詞或復數名詞均可)，也可修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞、介詞短語等。如：

More and more people are concerning themselves with environmental problems. 越來越多的人關心環境問題。

The little girl is growing to be more and more like her mother. 這個小姑娘長得越來越像她媽媽了。

As time went on, he found it more and more difficult to support his family. 他日漸發覺要養活一家人是越來越難了。

3. more or less 的用法特點

基本意思是“或多或少”、“在一定程度上”、“大體上”、“大約”等。如：

The job is more or less finished. 工作大體上完成了。

His condition has more or less improved. 他的情況多少有些改進。

The repairs will cost $50,more or less. 修理費大約要50美元。

注：在否定句中可表示“一點也不”。如：

I didn't understand it, more or less. 我一點也不懂。

4. more than 與less than 的用法比較

(1) more than 的基本義是“多于”，但根據不同情況可以有較靈活的翻譯，如表“(指數量)多于”、“比……多”、“不只是”、“不僅僅是”、“非常”等。如：

He’s lived here for more than 30 years. 他在這已住了30多年了。

Two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼睛比一只眼睛看得真。

He is more than a father to her. 他待她勝過父親。

They were more than glad to help. 他們非常樂于幫忙。

(2) less than 的基本意思是“少于”、“比……少”。如：

I won’t take less than $5000 for my car. 我的汽車低于5000美元不賣。

The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected. 實際的修理費用比我們預期的要低得多。

5. more …than 與 less…than 的用法比較

從本義上看，前者表示“比……多(更)”，后者表示“比……少”或“不如……”。

He has more money than me. 他的錢比我多。

He is said to pay less income tax than he should. 據說他所得稅交得不夠。

另外，兩者均可用于引申義，表示“與其……不如……”，但兩個比較的對象的位置不一樣。如：

He is less a teacher than an expert.= He is more an expert than a teacher. 與其說他是老師，不如說他是專家。

6. 關于“no+比較級+than”結構

這類結構通常不是表示一般意義的否定，而是表示對待比較的兩個對象同時進行否定，通常可理解為“與……一樣不”。如：

You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一樣不仔細。

A half truth is often no better than a lie. 半真半假的話常常跟謊言一樣糟。

比較并體會以下結構：

no better than = as bad as 與…一樣不好(即一樣壞)

no faster than = as slow as 與…一樣不快(即一樣慢)

no earlier than= as late as 與……一樣不早(即一樣遲)

注：同學們要善于根據以上用法推知其他一些類似結構的意思，如 no more than的意思是“與……一樣不多”，強調少，通常可譯為“只有”；no less than 的意思是“與……一樣不少”，強調多，通常可譯為“多達”、“有……之多”。