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副詞almost與nearly用法比較與辨析

1. almost [nearly] 都可用來(lái)修飾不定代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等，此時(shí)兩者常可換用。如：

My car almost [nearly] stood still because of a traffic block. 我的車(chē)子因?yàn)榻煌ㄗ枞�而幾乎�?dòng)彈不得。

I lost my concentration and almost [nearly] drove into a bridge. 我走神了，駕車(chē)時(shí)幾乎撞上了一座橋。

It is almost [nearly] late for you to catch the last bus. 天晚了，你快趕不上末班公共汽車(chē)了。

With so much loud music, conversation was almost [nearly] impossible. 音樂(lè)聲那么大，幾乎沒(méi)法交談。

We almost [nearly] came to blows over what colour our new carpet should be. 我們?yōu)榱擞檬裁搭伾�的新地毯險(xiǎn)些打了起來(lái)。

要注意它們與被修飾詞的位置關(guān)系。比較并體會(huì)以下正誤句子：

據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)報(bào)社平均每天要收到百來(lái)篇來(lái)稿。

正：It’s said that the paper receive an average of nearly 100 articles a day.

誤：It’s said that the paper nearly receive an average of 100 articles a day.

另外，再比較：

Everything was almost double the normal price. 樣樣?xùn)|西幾乎都是平時(shí)價(jià)格的兩倍。

Almost everything was double the normal price. 幾乎樣樣?xùn)|西都是平時(shí)價(jià)格的兩倍。

2. almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定詞之前，但 nearly 一般不這樣用。如：

He almost never remarks on how she looks. 他幾乎從來(lái)不說(shuō)她長(zhǎng)相如何。

He is very practical—he can make or mend almost anything. 他很能干，幾乎會(huì)制造或修理任何東西。

The plots in her books are very strong but there’s almost no characterization. 她寫(xiě)的書(shū)情節(jié)性很強(qiáng)，可是幾乎沒(méi)有對(duì)人物的塑造。

How am I expected to conjure up a meal for six of his friends with almost nothing in the fridge?  冰箱里幾乎甚么都沒(méi)有，我怎么可能給他的六個(gè)朋友變出一頓飯來(lái)？

Tolerant of human frailty in whatever form, she almost never judged people. 她對(duì)人性的各種弱點(diǎn)都能夠包容，幾乎從不評(píng)價(jià)他人。

His father found him a cushy job in the office, with almost nothing to do and a whacking great salary. 他父親給他在事務(wù)所找到了一份輕松舒適的工作，幾乎什么都不用做，工資還極高。

但是，兩者都可用在否定動(dòng)詞之前。如：

He almost [nearly] didn’t catch the bus. 他差點(diǎn)沒(méi)趕上公共汽車(chē)。

3. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等詞修飾，但 almost 之前不能用這些詞。如：

There are not nearly enough members present to hold a meeting. 出席的會(huì)員遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有達(dá)到可以開(kāi)會(huì)的人數(shù)。

The shock of Pat’s death pretty nearly killed Roy. 帕特的死幾乎毀了羅伊。

They very nearly succeeded in blowing up the parliament building. 他們只差一點(diǎn)兒炸毀議會(huì)大廈。

4. 有時(shí) almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同)，此時(shí)不用 nearly。如：

I almost wish I’d stayed at home. 我真有點(diǎn)后悔沒(méi)在家里呆著。

Our cat understand everything—he’s almost human. 我們這只貓什么都懂—— 快通人性了。