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替代詞it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法

1. it和that的用法

兩者都可替代“the+單數名詞(可數或不可數)”，均表特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同類”事物。如：

①The Parkers bought a new house but ________will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they                B. it                   C. one                D. which

解析：答案選B。it替代 “the + house”，指的就是前面提到的the Parkers所買的那座新房子。

②Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.

A. some               B. any                C. that                D. those

解析：答案選C。that替代the pleasure，指與前面提到的同屬“快樂的事”。

2. 替代詞one的用法

one用以替代“a＋單數可數名詞”，表示泛指。特指的the one相當于that；the one復數形式the ones，在口語中也常用those代替；當后面有of短語時，一般用that或those，當有前置修飾語時，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同類”事物，其中只有that可替代不可數名詞。如：

①We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had.

A. it                     B. one                   C. himself           D. another

解析：答案選B，one替代a cupboard。

②Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ________who had already taken them.

A. the ones            B. ones                  C. some              D. the others

解析：答案選A，后面的定語從句是特指，the ones替代 the pupils。此處也可用those。