高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考試分離型陷阱歸納

湖南  余信德

請(qǐng)看下面兩道高考題：

1. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008江西卷)

A. where                   B. when                        C. who                         D. which

【分析】答案為A。where在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞為cases。在一般情況，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞之后，其間不能插入其他成分，但在本題中，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞被分開，若不注意到這一點(diǎn)，此題很容易做錯(cuò)。句意為：在本章的后面部分，我們將為讀者介紹一些事例，說明消費(fèi)者的投訴已經(jīng)使法律作出了修改。

2. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, ________ New York is an example. (2008四川卷)

A. for which                 B. in which                 C. of which                 D. from which

【分析】答案為C。of which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞為前面的many cities。在通常情況，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞之后，其間不能插入其他成分，但在本題中，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞被分開，若不注意到這一點(diǎn)，此題很容易做錯(cuò)。句意為：對(duì)世界上許多城市來說，已經(jīng)沒有進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的空間，紐約就是其中的一個(gè)例子。

這兩道題均涉及分離修飾的問題。綜觀近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空題，有不少所謂的“難題”均與這類分離修飾有一定的關(guān)系，本文為同學(xué)們歸納了八類分離修飾的易錯(cuò)陷阱，希望引起大家的注意。

一、主謂分離陷阱

1.The girl as well as the other students ________ excited.

A. was                          B. were                        C. being                       D. be

【分析】依據(jù)題意“那個(gè)女孩還有其他的學(xué)生都很激動(dòng)”，有些同學(xué)可能會(huì)選 B。其實(shí)   正確答案是A。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 as well as, as much as, with, together with, no less than, along with, like, rather than, no more than, in addition to, but, except, besides, including 等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，造成主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)分離，讓同學(xué)們誤入陷阱。請(qǐng)做以下幾題(答案均選A)：

(1) No one but her parents ________ it.

A. knows                    B. know                          C. is knowing                D. are knowing

(2) Mary, together with two boys, ________ for having broken the rule.

A. was punished          B. punished                      C. were punished           D. being punished

(3) A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered                B. hasn’t decided              C. aren’t decided             D. haven’t decided

(4) The teacher, together with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.

A. was                        B. were                           C. had been                     D. would be

2. The ________ we saw yesterday come out from the farm once in a while.

A. cow                        B. dog                             C. horse                          D. deer

【分析】此題粗略一看，選A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都行。而有些同學(xué)看到名詞 the farm 時(shí)，很容易誤選為A。因?yàn)榕c農(nóng)場(chǎng)關(guān)系密切的當(dāng)屬cow。其實(shí)不然，此題答案選 D。這道試題著重考查的是時(shí)態(tài)環(huán)境下的主謂一致的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。本句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)是come out, 我們要選的詞應(yīng)該在句子中作主語(yǔ)，但是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間有一個(gè)修飾先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句(that / which )we saw yesterday，將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)分開，從而增加了解題的難度。

注意：解此類試題時(shí)，要分清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住句子的主干，還要將句子的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致兼顧，才能準(zhǔn)確無誤地選對(duì)答案。

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