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關閉窗口 高考英語語法考試分離型陷阱歸納
湖南 余信德
請看下面兩道高考題：
1. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008江西卷)
A. where B. when C. who D. which
【分析】答案為A。where在此引導定語從句，其先行詞為cases。在一般情況，定語從句應緊跟在先行詞之后，其間不能插入其他成分，但在本題中，定語從句與先行詞被分開，若不注意到這一點，此題很容易做錯。句意為：在本章的后面部分，我們將為讀者介紹一些事例，說明消費者的投訴已經使法律作出了修改。
2. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, ________ New York is an example. (2008四川卷)
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
【分析】答案為C。of which在此引導非限制性定語從句，其先行詞為前面的many cities。在通常情況，定語從句應緊跟在先行詞之后，其間不能插入其他成分，但在本題中，定語從句與先行詞被分開，若不注意到這一點，此題很容易做錯。句意為：對世界上許多城市來說，已經沒有進一步發展的空間，紐約就是其中的一個例子。
這兩道題均涉及分離修飾的問題。綜觀近幾年的高考英語單項填空題，有不少所謂的“難題”均與這類分離修飾有一定的關系，本文為同學們歸納了八類分離修飾的易錯陷阱，希望引起大家的注意。
一、主謂分離陷阱
1.The girl as well as the other students ________ excited.
A. was B. were C. being D. be
【分析】依據題意“那個女孩還有其他的學生都很激動”，有些同學可能會選 B。其實 正確答案是A。當主語后面跟有 as well as, as much as, with, together with, no less than, along with, like, rather than, no more than, in addition to, but, except, besides, including 等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單復數隨主語的單復數而定，造成主語和謂語分離，讓同學們誤入陷阱。請做以下幾題(答案均選A)：
(1) No one but her parents ________ it.
A. knows B. know C. is knowing D. are knowing
(2) Mary, together with two boys, ________ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished
(3) A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. hasn’t decided C. aren’t decided D. haven’t decided
(4) The teacher, together with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
2. The ________ we saw yesterday come out from the farm once in a while.
A. cow B. dog C. horse D. deer
【分析】此題粗略一看，選A、B、C、D四個選項都行。而有些同學看到名詞 the farm 時，很容易誤選為A。因為與農場關系密切的當屬cow。其實不然，此題答案選 D。這道試題著重考查的是時態環境下的主謂一致的語法現象。本句用的是一般現在時態，謂語是come out, 我們要選的詞應該在句子中作主語，但是主語和謂語之間有一個修飾先行詞的定語從句(that / which )we saw yesterday，將句子的主語和謂語分開，從而增加了解題的難度。
注意：解此類試題時，要分清句子的結構，抓住句子的主干，還要將句子的時態和主謂一致兼顧，才能準確無誤地選對答案。
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