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關閉窗口 英語動詞時態詳解：過去將來完成時
■湖南 陳根花
一、
過去將來完成時 的用法過去將來完成時表示從過去觀點看將來某時某動作會業已完成。這個時態用得相對比較少，通常主要用于轉述方面，即用于間接引語中。如：
She said she’d have finished her exams by then. 她說那時她會已經考完試了。
The party would have arrived by four o’clock. 這一行人將于4時前到達。
She said she’d have finished her exams by then. 她說那時她會已經考完試了。
二、構成方法
過去將來完成時由“would+have+過去分詞”構成。
三、基本用法
過去將來完成時的基本用法就是：表示從過去某一時間來看將來某時會已經完成的動作。如：
I thought Sophia would have told you something. 我想索菲婭會已告訴你一地情況。
He knew by the time he arrived she would have gone home. 他知道他到時她會已經回家。
The day was drawing near when we would have completed the reservoir. 我們建成水庫的日子不遠了。
He said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month. 他說到下月底就不用我的照相機了。
I guessed that Mother would have made some sandwiches by the time we got back. 我猜我們回來時媽媽已經做好一些三明治了。
四、過去完成時用于虛擬語氣中
若表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，此時條件從句的謂語用過去完成時(had+過去分詞)，而主句謂語則通常用過去完成時（would+have+過去分詞），當然，主句謂語也可根據情況使用“should (could, might)+have+過去分詞”。如：
If I'd left sooner, I'd have been on time. 要是我早點動身，我就準時到了。(但我動身太遲了)
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我們當時早點找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。(可惜我們找到他太晚了)
If I had known that you were coming I would have met you at the air-port. 要是我早知道你要來的話，我就會在機場接你了。
If he had lived, some day Michael would have done something important. 假定麥克爾當時在世的話，他本可做出了不起的事。
If I had known how he felt, I would never have let him adopt those children. 我要是知道他的想法，我是決不會讓他領養那些孩子的。
He would have forgotten the boy’s birthday if you hadn’t reminded him. 要不是你提醒他，他會忘記這男孩的生日的。
Our lives would have been greatly impoverished if we had not known our dear friend. 若不是得識我們這位好朋友，我們的生活一定十分不妙。
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