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關(guān)閉窗口 高考常考的定語(yǔ)從句八大類
定語(yǔ)從句是高中階段英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，也是學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，更是高考英語(yǔ)常考的一個(gè)內(nèi)容。定語(yǔ)從句在高考各個(gè)題型中都會(huì)涉及到，掌握定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于語(yǔ)言理解具有相當(dāng)重要的意義。定語(yǔ)從句在高考單項(xiàng)填空試題考查中，大多考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句�？偨Y(jié)最近十年來(lái)高考單項(xiàng)填空試題中所考查到的定語(yǔ)從句，發(fā)現(xiàn)�？嫉囊还灿邪朔N類型，本文將對(duì)此作一小結(jié)。
第一種類型：考查which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
which指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句一般位于主句的后面，它的意思是“這(那)件事……”，在這些從句中which作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：
1. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷)
A. which B. that C. this D. it
2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _________, of course, made the others envy him.(天津卷)
A. who B. that C. what D. which
解析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。答案分別為AD。
第二種類型：考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
as也可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，但不同于which的是，它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，在這些從句中as 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：
1. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江卷)
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
2. _________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (北京卷)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
3. _________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (江蘇卷)
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
解析：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句且位于主句之前，用as引導(dǎo)。答案分別為CBD。
第三種類型：考查由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
用于這種情況的關(guān)系代詞一般為which(指物)和whom(指人)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇非常關(guān)鍵，可以遵循以下四個(gè)原則：(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞確定介詞，其動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。(2)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞確定介詞，其形容詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成形容詞短語(yǔ)。(3)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞確定介詞，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方法、工具等的詞，它們與介詞之間有一定的聯(lián)系。當(dāng)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可分別用when, where, why替換。(4)根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是由固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的，這時(shí)，要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思，選用不同的介詞。如：
1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _________ they are being trained. (江西卷)
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
3. I have many friends, some _________ are businessmen. (全國(guó)卷I)
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
4. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _________ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005年重慶卷)
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
解析：第1題選C，after which 指“在此之后”；第2題選D，考查的對(duì)應(yīng)搭配是be trained for the jobs。第3題選D，some of whom意為“其中有幾個(gè)”。第4題選A，“他學(xué)習(xí)努力并被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席”應(yīng)是“從1999至2003年這個(gè)期間里”所發(fā)生的事，所以用during which time。
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