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關閉窗口 高考常考的定語從句八大類
定語從句是高中階段英語學習的一個重點，也是學習的一個難點，更是高考英語常考的一個內容。定語從句在高考各個題型中都會涉及到，掌握定語從句對于語言理解具有相當重要的意義。定語從句在高考單項填空試題考查中，大多考查引導定語從句的關系代詞和關系副詞，區別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句。總結最近十年來高考單項填空試題中所考查到的定語從句，發現常考的一共有八種類型，本文將對此作一小結。
第一種類型：考查which引導的非限制性定語從句
which指代整個主句的內容，它引導的定語從句一般位于主句的后面，它的意思是“這(那)件事……”，在這些從句中which作主語或賓語。如：
1. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷)
A. which B. that C. this D. it
2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _________, of course, made the others envy him.(天津卷)
A. who B. that C. what D. which
解析：which引導非限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語。答案分別為AD。
第二種類型：考查as引導的非限制性定語從句
as也可指代整個主句的內容，但不同于which的是，它引導的定語從句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，在這些從句中as 作主語或賓語。如：
1. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江卷)
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
2. _________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (北京卷)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
3. _________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (江蘇卷)
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
解析：引導非限制性定語從句且位于主句之前，用as引導。答案分別為CBD。
第三種類型：考查由“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句
用于這種情況的關系代詞一般為which(指物)和whom(指人)。在這種結構中，介詞的選擇非常關鍵，可以遵循以下四個原則：(1)根據定語從句中的謂語動詞確定介詞，其動詞與介詞搭配，構成動詞短語。(2)根據定語從句中的形容詞確定介詞，其形容詞與介詞搭配，構成形容詞短語。(3)根據定語從句修飾的先行詞確定介詞，其先行詞往往是表示時間、地點、原因、方法、工具等的詞，它們與介詞之間有一定的聯系。當“介詞＋關系代詞”在定語從句中充當時間、地點、原因狀語時，可分別用when, where, why替換。(4)根據句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語從句中謂語動詞不是由固定的動詞短語構成的，這時，要根據句子所要表達的意思，選用不同的介詞。如：
1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _________ they are being trained. (江西卷)
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
3. I have many friends, some _________ are businessmen. (全國卷I)
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
4. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _________ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005年重慶卷)
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
解析：第1題選C，after which 指“在此之后”；第2題選D，考查的對應搭配是be trained for the jobs。第3題選D，some of whom意為“其中有幾個”。第4題選A，“他學習努力并被選為學生會主席”應是“從1999至2003年這個期間里”所發生的事，所以用during which time。
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