2008年研究生考試公共英語(yǔ)試題（翻譯部分）

In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

參考答案及分析：

1. 原文：He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.

分析：he believes that后面整個(gè)是賓語(yǔ)從句，the compensating advantage of后面接了兩個(gè)由and連接的并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)forcing…, and thus enabling…，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。Reasoning在這里的意思是“推理”。

參考譯文：他認(rèn)為，這種表達(dá)上的困難反而是好事，促使他認(rèn)真反復(fù)思考每一個(gè)句子，從而得以發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在推理和觀點(diǎn)中存在的錯(cuò)誤。

2. 原文：He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.

分析：在詞匯理解層面上，asserted“斷言”，power“能力”，follow“理解，領(lǐng)悟”，train“系列”，train of thought可譯為“思路”。在結(jié)構(gòu)層面上，he never could have succeeded with mathematics是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。

參考譯文：他還斷言，自己理解完全抽象的復(fù)雜思維的能力非常有限，因此覺(jué)得自己要是當(dāng)初選擇數(shù)學(xué)的話，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)永遠(yuǎn)不可能取得成功。

3. 原文：On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.

分析：結(jié)構(gòu)上，accept as well founded the charge存在語(yǔ)序倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序是accept the charge as well founded。而that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning是charge的同位語(yǔ)從句。power of reasoning的意思是“推理能力”。

參考譯文：另一方面，有些人批評(píng)說(shuō)，盡管他善于觀察，但不具備推理能力。他認(rèn)為這種批評(píng)是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。

4. 原文：He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

分析：the common run of“普通的，一般的”。 in noticing… and in observing…是兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，與superior to 形成搭配關(guān)系，意思是“在某方面比某人強(qiáng)”。

參考譯文：達(dá)爾文還謙虛地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“有些東西很容易被人忽視，自己卻能注意到，而且觀察得非常仔細(xì)，在這些方面自己也許比一般人強(qiáng)。”

5. 原文：Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

分析：character“品性、品質(zhì)”。 to the moral character與 be injurious形成搭配關(guān)系，換言之，be injurious后接了兩個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)：to the intellect, and… to the moral character。

參考譯文：達(dá)爾文深信，對(duì)這些東西喪失興趣，不僅僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致喪失幸福，而且可能危害智力，更有可能危害道德品質(zhì)。

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