四、思維定勢型

有的同學(xué)不能靈活地運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識進(jìn)行表達(dá)，而是憑印象觀念，結(jié)果寫錯句子。

1. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們一起度過的日子。

誤：I’ll never forget the days when we spent together.

正：I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent together.

析：有的同學(xué)記住了定語從句的規(guī)則，當(dāng)先行詞指時間時，關(guān)系詞用when，而沒用考慮它在定語從句中做什么成分。此句中的spent是及物動詞，應(yīng)由which或that替代the days作它的賓語。

2. 炎日下沒有比一杯冷飲更讓人愉悅的了。

誤：Few pleasures can equal those of a cool drink on a hot day.

正：Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.

析：有的同學(xué)只知道用that指代前面的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，用those指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。殊不知，此句中Few pleasures和a cool drink這種樂趣相比，因此應(yīng)該看成單數(shù)概念。

3. 他從上一星期二一直病著。

誤：He has been ill from last Tuesday.

正：He has been ill since last Tuesday.

析：有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為“從…”譯為from, 如：從7點到9點from7 to 9;從家到學(xué)校from home to school. 但在現(xiàn)在完成式中卻用since.

4. 那個丟失的孩子最后一次被看見在河邊玩。

誤：The missing boy was last seen to play near the river.

正：The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.

析：有的同學(xué)只記得：在主動語態(tài)中感官動詞后面不帶to,而變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時則必須帶to. 因此沒有具體分析，此句是考查感官動詞后接現(xiàn)在分詞表示動態(tài)情景�！翱匆娔橙苏�在做某事”譯為see sb. doing sth.,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)為sb. is seen doing sth.

5. 他很少上學(xué)遲到，如果有的話，也很少。

誤：He is seldom, if any , late for school.

正：He is seldom, if ever, late for school.

析：有的同學(xué)知道any用于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，但此句是一個省略句，完整的句子為He is seldom, if he has ever been , late for school. 用if ever表示如果曾經(jīng)遲到過的話。

6. 他把雨傘忘在火車上了。

誤：He has forgot his umbrella on the train.

正：He has left his umbrella on the train.

析：“遺忘”譯為forget 或leave.但二者是由區(qū)別的：leave 多于表示場所的地點狀語連用，而forget 通常不與表場所的地點狀語連用。外出時把東西忘記在家里的時候通常用forget. 如：“我忘了帶駕駛證”譯為I’ve forgot the driver’s license.

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