8. 介詞短語作介詞賓語

Choose a book from among these. 從這些書中選一本吧。

I saw her from across the street. 我從街的對面望見了她。

He has known her since before the war. 自戰前開始他就認識她。

We’ve decided to go on foot instead of by bus. 我們決定步行去而不乘車去。

注：通常可后接介詞短語作賓語的介詞是 from, till, until, since, except, instead of 等。比較：

I took it from the bed. 我從床那兒(或床上)拿的。

I took it from under the bed. 我從床下拿的。

He didn’t arrive there till [until] midnight. 直到半夜他才到達那兒。

He didn’t arrive there till [until] after midnight. 半夜過后他才到達那兒。

9. 復合結構用作介詞賓語

She had no objection to Mary marrying him. 她不反對瑪麗與他結婚。

She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿著一本書走了進來。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。

三、介詞短語的句法功能

1. 表語

He was with a friend. 他和一個朋友在一起。

Health is above wealth. 健康勝過財富。

This knife is for cutting bread. 這把小刀是用于切面包的。

注：有些介詞(如because of)引出的短語通常只用作狀語，不用作表語：

誤：His absence is because of the rain.

正：His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未來。

但是，若主語是代詞(不是名詞)，because of 引出的短語可用作表語：

It is because of hard work. 那是因為辛苦工作的原因。

2. 狀語

Don’t touch it with your hands. 別用手去摸它。

Did you do this by design or by accident? 你這樣做是有意的還是無意的？

3. 定語

This is his reply to your letter. 這是他給你的回信。

This is the best way of doing it. 這是做此事最好的方法。

My love for you is deeper than the sea. 我對你的愛比海深。

4. 賓語補足語

I found everything in good condition. 我發現一切正常。

Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。

注：用作賓語補足語的介詞短語在相應的被動語態中則為主語補足語：

He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。

5. 賓語

A man stepped out from behind the wall. 一個人從墻后走出來。

He cannot spare any time except on Sunday. 除星期日外，他抽不出時間。

I won’t go home until after the exam. 我要等考完后再回家。

參見前面“介詞短語用作介詞賓語”一節。

6. 主語

Between 6 and 7 suits me. 六點到七點對我比較適合。

After the exams is the time to relax. 考試后是輕松一下的時間。

注：介詞短語通常不用作主語，盡管有時也像上面這樣用作主語，但通常可視為是在一定的上下文中有所省略：

“When are we going to have the next meeting?” “On Tuesday may be convenient.” “我們下次什么時候見面？”“星期二可能比較方便。”

此句中on Tuesday 雖用作主語，但可視為是其前省略了meeting一詞，即：

Meeting during the vacation may be convenient.(www.hz123456.com)

四、介詞的省略

1. 介詞on的省略。表示星期、日期等的時間的介詞on有時可省略：

I’ll arrive (on) Friday. 我將星期五到。

ISee you (on) June 21st. 6月21日見吧。

2. 介詞for的省略

(1) 表示一段時間或距離前的介詞有時可省略：

I lived there (for) ten years. 我在那兒住了10年。

They walked (for) fifty miles. 他們走了50英里。

但在否定句中或用于句首時，介詞for通常不能省略：

For ten years he lived here. 他在這里住過10年。

We have not heard from him for a long time. 我們很久沒收到他的來信了。

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