但若介詞 in 出現(xiàn)在句首，則通常不宜省略：

In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿過馬路時(shí)被汽車撞倒。

在這類用法中要特別注意一些常用句型：

be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事            

be late (in) doing sth 做某事做晚了或做遲了

spend money [time] (in) doing sth 花錢(時(shí)間)做某事

waste money [time] (in) doing sth 浪費(fèi)錢(時(shí)間)做某事

have luck (in) doing sth 做某事時(shí)有運(yùn)氣(走運(yùn))

have difficult (in) doing sth 做某事有困難

have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困難

have bother (in) doing sth 做某事費(fèi)勁

have a problem (in) doing sth做某事有困難

have a good time (in) doing sth 做某事很開心

have a hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很辛苦

find difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事發(fā)現(xiàn)有困難

There is no difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困難

There is no use (in) doing sth 做某事沒有用

There is no point (in) doing sth 做某事沒有意義

五、besides, & except與but用法詳解

besides, but和except 這三個(gè)表示“除了”的介詞，是同學(xué)們較難掌握也是高考英語(yǔ)中涉及得較多的幾個(gè)重難點(diǎn)介詞。現(xiàn)將其用法詳解于下。

1. 基本區(qū)別。三者都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一種累加關(guān)系，意指“除了什么之外，還有…”；而 except 或 but 則表示一種排除關(guān)系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有…”。如：

Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女兒也去看過他。

Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外，沒有一個(gè)人看過他。

但是，在否定句中，besides 也表示“除…外不再有… ”，與but, except 同義：

No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim.  除吉姆外，沒一個(gè)人通過考試。

2. 關(guān)于 but 與 except

(1) 兩者都可表示“除…外不再有…”，但含義上略有差別：but側(cè)重指意義的幾乎完整性，而 except 則側(cè)重指后面除去的部分。比較：

All are here but one. 除一個(gè)人都到了。

All are here except one. 還有一個(gè)人沒到。

(2) 在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，but 的介詞用法十分有限，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，它只能用在下列詞語(yǔ)之后：

① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere  等

② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere  等

③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere  等

④ all, none  等(www.hz123456.com)

⑤ who, what, where  等

Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。

I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外，我沒告訴任何人。

No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外沒有一個(gè)人對(duì)此有很大興趣。

但是 except 卻沒有以上限制：

正：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，這扇窗戶從不打開。

誤：The window is never opened but in summer.

(3) but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首：

除我之外每個(gè)人都累了。

正：Everyone is tired but (except) me.

正：Everyone but (except) me is tired.

誤：But (Except) me, everyone is tired.

注：except for 可用于句首，表示 except 的意思：Except for me, everyone is tired.

3. 關(guān)于 except 與 except for。except 主要用來(lái)談?wù)撏�類的東西，而 except for 則主要用來(lái)談?wù)摬煌�類的東西，有時(shí)含有惋惜之意：

All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都寫得很好。

His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文寫得不錯(cuò)，只是有幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤。

若用于句首，則 except for 與 except 同義(但 except 通常不用于句首)。

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