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重點(diǎn)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講義-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) |
作者:HMYY 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2012-05-31 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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(6) 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事: The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火車今晚7:25分開。 Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。 We have a holiday tomorrow. 我們明天放假。 注:在表示時(shí)間、條件等的狀語(yǔ)從句以及某些名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句等中,也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義,參見“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的有關(guān)用法。 3. 三種將來(lái)時(shí)間表示法的比較 (1) “will / shall+動(dòng)詞原形”與“be going to +動(dòng)詞原形”。兩者均可表示將來(lái)時(shí)間和意圖,兩者有時(shí)可換用: I think it’ll rain this evening. / I think it’s going to rain this evening. 我想今晚會(huì)下雨。 I won’t tell you about it. / I’m not going to tell you about it. 我不會(huì)把這事告訴你的。 但有時(shí)有差別: ① 若是強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮好的,則通常要用be going to;若是表示某個(gè)意圖沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮,而是在說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)才臨時(shí)想到的,則通常用will。比較: "Ann is in hospital." "Oh, really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her." “安住院了。”“啊,真的嗎?我還不知道。我要去看看她。” (臨時(shí)想法,不能用be going to) "Ann is in hospital." "Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow. “安住院了。”“我知道,我打算明天去看看她。” (事先考慮的意圖,不能用will) ② 若是有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事,通常只用be going to,不用will: Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些烏云,要下雨了。 ③ 帶有時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句通常不宜用be going to,而用will: When he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他回來(lái)時(shí)我就告訴他這個(gè)消息。 If he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他若回來(lái)我就告訴他這個(gè)消息。 (2)“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)” ① be going to主要表示主觀想法或意圖,而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行進(jìn)表示將來(lái)則主要已經(jīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)作出的安排。比較: I’m going to wash the car if I have time. 若有時(shí)間我想洗洗車。(主觀想法) I’m picking you up at 6; don’t forget. 我6點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)接你,不要忘了。(已作出的安排) ② 但是當(dāng)要表示主觀無(wú)法控制的預(yù)測(cè)時(shí),通常要用be going to,不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài): It’s going to snow before long. 不久會(huì)下雪。 Things are going to get better soon. 情況很快就會(huì)好起來(lái)。 ③ 當(dāng)表示堅(jiān)持要(不要)某人做某事時(shí),兩者均可用: She’s taking [going to take] that medicine whether he likes it or not. 不管她喜歡不喜歡,她都得吃那藥。 You’re not wearing [going to wear] that skirt to school. 你不可以穿那條裙子去上學(xué)。 (3) “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”的區(qū)別。兩者均可表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,有時(shí)可互換(但be to比be going to正式): Where are we going to stay tonight? 我們今晚住哪里? I’m (going ) to play tennis this afternoon. 我打算今天下午打網(wǎng)球。 另外,be going to 還可表示預(yù)測(cè),即根據(jù)已有跡象預(yù)測(cè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,此時(shí)不能用be to: Look, it’s going to rain. 看,要下雨了。 五、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)與用法 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,主要表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的事情(尤其用于賓語(yǔ)從句中): He told us he would help us. 他告訴我們他會(huì)幫助我們。 I knew you would agree. 我當(dāng)時(shí)就知道你會(huì)同意的。 注:在一定的語(yǔ)境中也可于其他從句或句子中: It was a problem whether they would support us. 他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。 It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 這時(shí)是六點(diǎn)鐘。太陽(yáng)即將落山。 2. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的常見表示方法 除“would+動(dòng)詞原形”外,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還有以下常見表達(dá)方式(參見一般將來(lái)時(shí)的有關(guān)表示法): (1) 用was (were) going to表示。表示過(guò)去某時(shí)準(zhǔn)備做某事: Marsha was going to come with us. 瑪莎準(zhǔn)備和我們一道去。 I was going to leave when he came in. 他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)我正要離開。 注:was going to在一定的上下文中有時(shí)可表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算: She was going to attend the concert last night, but she was too busy. 她昨晚本想去聽音樂(lè)會(huì)的,但她太忙了。 |
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