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| 重點(diǎn)中學(xué)英語語法講義-虛擬語氣 |
| 作者:HMYY 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2012-05-31 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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(2) 省略條件句的主語和其后的動(dòng)詞be。若主從句主語一致,且謂語部分包含有動(dòng)詞be,通常可將主語和動(dòng)詞be省略: If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早點(diǎn)兒修一下,拖拉機(jī)就不會(huì)拋錨了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…) (3) 省略“it+be”: If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的話我會(huì)派更多的民工去你。(=If it is necessary...) (4) 省略整個(gè)條件從句。這樣的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略條件從句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的: I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以親自去看她,這樣好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.) 三、七類使用虛擬語氣的常見從句 1. wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語式 要表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望,從句謂語一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示與過去相反的愿望,從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)或would / could+have +過去分詞,表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,用would (could)+動(dòng)詞原形: I wish I were [was] better looking. 要是我長(zhǎng)得漂亮些就好了。 She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔的是她當(dāng)時(shí)要是留在家里就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 要是你明天同我們一起去就好了。 注:從句的時(shí)態(tài)只與從句所指的時(shí)間有關(guān),而與wish的時(shí)態(tài)無關(guān),比較: I wish I were rich. 要是我現(xiàn)在有錢就好了。 I wish I had been rich. 要是那時(shí)我有錢就好了。 I wished I were rich. 當(dāng)時(shí)我后悔自己沒有錢。 I wished I had been rich. 當(dāng)時(shí)我后悔自己曾經(jīng)沒有錢。 2. if only的句子后用虛擬語氣 if only 與 I wish一樣,也是表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望的,其后所虛擬語氣的時(shí)態(tài)與 wish后所接時(shí)態(tài)的情況相同: If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我長(zhǎng)得漂亮些就好了。 If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是當(dāng)時(shí)聽了父母的話就好了。 If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了! 注:if only 通常獨(dú)立使用,沒有主句。 3. as if (as though) 從句中的虛擬語氣 以as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句,有時(shí)用虛擬語氣,若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí);若表示與過去事實(shí)相反,用過去完成時(shí);表示將來的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形: He acts as if he knew me. 他顯得認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。 They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他們待我如陌生人。 He talks as if he had been abroad. 他說起話來好像曾經(jīng)出過國(guó)。 注:(1) 從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí),也可用陳述語氣: It looks as if we’ll be late. 我們似乎要遲到了。 This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 這肉吃起來似乎已經(jīng)壞了。 在現(xiàn)代英語中,有時(shí)即使從句內(nèi)容不是事實(shí),也可能用陳述語氣: I feel as if [as though] I’m floating on air. 他感到好像漂浮在空中。 The stuffed dog barked as if it is [were, was] a real one. 玩具狗叫起來像真狗。 (2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻譯: It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像窮的樣子(或他又不窮)。 It isn’t as if you were going away for good. 又不是你離開不回來了。 |
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