10. That day Mr Smith got up late, so he ran as fast as he could _________ the early bus.

A. catch                   B. to catch  C. catching  D. caught

【分析】此題容易誤選A，認為情態(tài)動詞后只能接動詞原形。但是，錯了，正確的答案是B。其實情態(tài)動詞 could 后本來有動詞原形 run，只是被省略了，即此句的完整形式應(yīng)是 …so he ran as fast as he could run to catch the early bus，其中的不定式 to catch the early bus 為目的狀語。又如：

(1) My parents did what they could _________ my aunt and uncle.

A. help                     B. to help                  C. helping                 D. helped

(2) He read what he could _________ his knowledge.

A. widen                   B. to widen               C. widening              D. widened

以上兩題均選B，即選不定式，且此不定式為目的狀語。但是，同學們?nèi)魮?jù)此形成思維定勢，也會麻煩。為此，請再看兩題：

(1) He ran as fast as he could _________to catch the bus.

A. hope                    B. to hope                 C. hoping                  D. hoped

【分析】此題的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 hoping to catch the bus 用作伴隨狀語，即一邊跑一邊在希望能趕上早班車。

(2) He spent every minute he could _________ foreign languages.

A. study                   B. to study                C. studying               D. studied

【分析】此題也應(yīng)選C，但是，它與上題選現(xiàn)在分詞 hoping 表伴隨有所不同，此題的 studying 其實與其前的動詞 spend 有關(guān)，即此句中的 studying 為動名詞，其前省略了介詞 in。注意spend 的句型：spend + 時間或金錢 + (in) doing sth。

11. _________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It                        B. As                       C. That                    D. What

【分析】此題很容易誤選 A，認為此處應(yīng)填一個形式主語，況且 It is (well) known to…也是一個常用句型，讀起來也很上口，其實選錯了。同學們仔細想想看，假若選 A，空格處填一個形式主語(it)，那么其后就應(yīng)有一個真正的主語，而事實上沒有。但是若句中的逗號改成 that，則只能選 A，因為這樣一來，that 便成為一個引導(dǎo)主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此題的最佳答案是 B，as 引導(dǎo)的是一個非限制性定語從句，可置于主句前(常譯為“正如”)或主句后(常譯為“這一點”)，句意為“正如大家所知，月球每月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一周”。

12. He is always really rude, _________ is why people tend to avoid him.

A. that                     B. it                         C. this                     D. which

【分析】此題容易誤選 A，因為 that’s why…是一個常用結(jié)構(gòu)，同學們極易受此影響而選錯，當然若此句的空格前有連詞 and 或其前的逗號改為分號，則完全可選that（分別構(gòu)成并列句或兩個獨立的簡單句）。此題的最佳答案是 D，句子后半部為一個非限制性定語從句，which 指 He is always really rude. 另外請比較以下兩題（注意連詞的有無）：

(1) He had a lot of friends, none of _________ could lend him any money. （選A）

(2) He had a lot of friends, but none of _________ could lend him any money. （選B）

A. whom                  B. them                    C. which                  D. who

13. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _________ translated into a foreign language.

A. them                   B. which                   C. it                         D. what

同學們看了上面一題的分析后，也許會毫不猶豫地認為此題應(yīng)選 B，理由是none前沒有并列連詞 and 或 but，其實這次又錯了。此題的最佳選項應(yīng)是A，注意此句與上面一句有著本質(zhì)的不同，即此句的 translated 不是謂語，而是一個非謂語動詞（過去分詞），所以逗號后面其實不是一個完整的句子，而是一個獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。假若在 translated 前加一個助動詞 was，則此題應(yīng)選 B(which)，構(gòu)成一個非限制性定語從句。所以做這類題要特別小心，千萬不要想當然，更不要受定勢思維的影響。又如：

(1) I met several people there, two of _________ were foreigners. （選A）

(2) I met several people there, two of _________ being foreigners. （選B）

A. whom                  B. them                    C. who                     D. which

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