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關(guān)閉窗口 名師詳解語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)題（06）
錯(cuò)用語(yǔ)法規(guī)則類錯(cuò)誤
（內(nèi)部講稿，僅供交流，請(qǐng)勿商用）
所謂“錯(cuò)套語(yǔ)法規(guī)則”，即指不從語(yǔ)言實(shí)際出發(fā)，不考慮特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，而是機(jī)械地套用語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，生搬硬套語(yǔ)法的條條框框，同學(xué)們?nèi)绻@樣去學(xué)語(yǔ)言，那就難免出錯(cuò)了。下面請(qǐng)看幾個(gè)實(shí)例：
◇“Is there _________ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
因?yàn)檫@是疑問(wèn)句，所以你就按語(yǔ)法規(guī)則將此題答案確定為A，你認(rèn)為你對(duì)了嗎？不，錯(cuò)了。
◇“If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _________ that I need most.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
因?yàn)檫@是否定句，所以你就按語(yǔ)法規(guī)則將此題答案確定為A，你認(rèn)為你對(duì)了嗎？不，錯(cuò)了。
◇He was sentenced to death _________ what he had stolen from the bank.
A. that B. since C. because D. because of
因?yàn)榭崭窈笫且粋�(gè)從句，所以你就按語(yǔ)法規(guī)則將此題答案確定為C，你認(rèn)為你對(duì)了嗎？不，錯(cuò)了。
規(guī)則是死的，語(yǔ)言是活的。同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言時(shí)，應(yīng)該具體問(wèn)題具體分析，既要學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的規(guī)則，又要靈活運(yùn)用規(guī)則。你想知道以上問(wèn)題的解釋嗎？請(qǐng)往下讀。
1. “Have you seen _________ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”
A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a
【分析】此題容易誤選A，生搬硬套冠詞用法規(guī)則：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠詞，第二次再提到該人或該事物時(shí)用定冠詞。但事實(shí)上，此題的第二空 Is it _________ black one? 中的one 并非指前面提到的 pen，即這里的 one 與前面的 pen 并非同一事物。另外，從后面的 I think I saw it somewhere(我想我在哪個(gè)地方見(jiàn)過(guò))可知前一句的 black one 不能是特指的，而應(yīng)是泛指的，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞。此題正確答案為 C。現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)把此題變化一下：
“Have you seen _________ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _________ black one? I found it in the corner.”
A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a
這樣一改，此題的最佳答案就是 A，而不是C了。
請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆焕?/SPAN>
My friend Mary is _________ beautiful girl and _________ girl everyone likes to work with.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the
【分析】此題很容易誤選B，認(rèn)為第一次提到 girl 用不定冠詞，第二次提到就應(yīng)該用定冠詞。但是，句中第二次提到 girl 時(shí)并不是特指的，此句實(shí)為一省略句，補(bǔ)充完整可視為是：My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 比較以下各例(第二個(gè)girl 前用了定冠詞，因?yàn)槟鞘翘刂?/FONT>)：
For this he asked a girl, but the girl refused to answered him. 為此他問(wèn)了一個(gè)女孩，但這個(gè)女孩拒絕回答他。
The other day he met a beautiful girl in the park and the girl smiled at him. 幾天前他在公園遇到一個(gè)女孩，這個(gè)女孩沖他笑了笑。
2. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _________.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
【分析】此題容易誤選 B，生搬硬套不定代詞用法規(guī)則：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你說(shuō)的大部分內(nèi)容)，其后的not 與 everything 構(gòu)成部分否定，意為“不是所有的都同意”，前后兩部分用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but 連接，語(yǔ)氣通順、連貫。請(qǐng)看一個(gè)類似的例子：
_________ likes money, but money is not _________.
A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything
答案選A，句意為“人人都喜歡錢，但錢不是萬(wàn)能”。
3. “Is there _________ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
【分析】此題容易誤選 A，誤認(rèn)為這是一般疑問(wèn)句，故用 anybody。其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選B，主要與上下文的語(yǔ)境有關(guān)。全文語(yǔ)境為：“大家都到齊了嗎？”“沒(méi)有，Bob 和Tim 兩人請(qǐng)假了。”假若我們將此題作如下變換，則情形就會(huì)有所不同：
“Is there _________ here?” “Yes, I’m upstairs. Please come and help me.”
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
【分析】此題的最佳答案應(yīng)是A，而不是B。
請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆焕?/SPAN>
“Do you have _________ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
答案選C，句意為“瑪麗，現(xiàn)在家里東西都準(zhǔn)備齊了嗎？”“還沒(méi)有，我們還要買些水果和茶。”
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