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關(guān)閉窗口 初級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)(11)
虛擬語(yǔ)氣類(lèi)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
If he was here, he ______ us how to do it.
A. told B. would tell C. had told D. have told
此題應(yīng)選 B。該題考察與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：此時(shí)條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式, 主句的謂語(yǔ)則要用 would (should, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形：
If there were no subjective mood, English wouldbe much easier. 要是沒(méi)有虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 英語(yǔ)就會(huì)容易得多了。
If I knew his telephone number, I would ring himup. 我要是知道他的電話(huà)號(hào)碼, 我就給他打電話(huà)了。
在虛擬條件句, 動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去式通常用were(不管是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)), 但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ), 單數(shù)情況也可以用was：
We could ask him if he were [was] here. 他要是在 這里, 我們就可以問(wèn)問(wèn)他了。
但是在某些表達(dá)(If I were you, as it were等)中, be只用were這一形式：
If I were you, I should go and see the doctor atonce. 假若我是你, 我會(huì)馬上去看醫(yī)生。
The sky is covered, as it were, with a blackcurtain. 天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。
有時(shí)在虛擬條件句也可能用 could, might 等, 那多半是因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)義的需要：
If he could help you, he would help you. 要是他能夠幫助你的話(huà), 他會(huì)幫助你的。
2. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
—If he ______, he ______ that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warmed, would not take B. had been warmed, would not have taken
C. would be warmed, had not taken D. would have been warmed, had not taken
此題應(yīng)選 B。該題考察與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：此時(shí)條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用 had＋過(guò)去分詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)用 would(should, could, might)+have+過(guò)去分詞：
1. If she had worked harder, she ______.
A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded
2. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been;would have prevented B. had been;would prevent
C. were;would D. were;would have prevented
3. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
4. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ______ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
答案：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D
3. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
If we ______ 200 years old, we ______ everything.
A. were to be, could change B. had been, changed
C. were, would have changed D. should be, changed
此題應(yīng)選A。該題考察與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 此時(shí)的主句謂語(yǔ)通常用would(should, could, might)＋動(dòng)詞原形, 而從句謂語(yǔ)可能有以下幾種情況：
1. 從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式：
If your father knew this, he would be angry. 要是你父親知道了, 他會(huì)生氣的。
If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would beput off. 要是明天下雨, 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就推遲。
2. 從句謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形(通常指可能性極小的事情, 一般譯為“萬(wàn)一”)：
If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 要是有雨, 這莊稼還有救。
此類(lèi)句型的主句謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以用祈使句甚至將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 萬(wàn)一明天下雨, 就不要等我了。
If I should be free tomorrow, I will come. 萬(wàn)一我明天有空, 我就來(lái)。
3. 從句謂語(yǔ)用were to+動(dòng)詞原形 (通常指可能性極小可或近乎不可能, 有時(shí)指出乎意料)：
If the sun were to rise in the west, my love foryou would not change. 即使太陽(yáng)從西邊出, 我對(duì)你的愛(ài)也不會(huì)變。
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