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內(nèi)部講義:常考詞的語法與用法(01) |
作者:TJG 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2012-05-31 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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◆advance n. & v. 1. 用作名詞,表示“前進(jìn)”時(shí),多為不可數(shù)名詞;表示“進(jìn)展”、“進(jìn)步”、“改進(jìn)”等義時(shí),多為可數(shù)名詞。如: The army’s advance was very slow. 部隊(duì)推進(jìn)很慢。 比較:in advance(事先,提前)和in advance of (在……前面)。如: The rent must be paid in advance. 租金必須預(yù)付。 He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遙遙領(lǐng)先。 2. 用作動(dòng)詞,基本義為“前進(jìn)”,注意其后所接介詞: (1) 表示推進(jìn)的方向,通常用介詞 to, towards。如: The troops advanced to the river. 部隊(duì)行進(jìn)到河邊。 They advanced towards the castle. 他們向城堡推進(jìn)。 (2) 表示進(jìn)攻的對象,通常用介詞 on, upon。如: The soldiers advanced on the enemy. 士兵們向敵人進(jìn)擊。 They advanced upon the enemy. 他們向敵人進(jìn)攻。 ◆advice n. 1. 表示“建議”、“勸告”、“忠告”等,是不可數(shù)名詞,若表示一條或幾條建議或勸告,要借用 piece 這樣的詞。如: This is a good piece of advice. 這是一條很好的建議。 2. 表示按照某人的意見做某事,一般要用介詞 on 或 by。如: We did the work on [by] her advice. 我們按她的意見做此工作。 3. 表示提出建議或忠告,一般用動(dòng)詞 give;表示向某人請教或征求意見,一般用動(dòng)詞 ask (for);表示接受意見或勸告,一般用動(dòng)詞take, follow, accept 等。如: The old often give good advice to the young. 老年人常常對年輕人提出金玉良言。 You should ask for the teacher’s advice. /You should ask the teacher for advice. 你應(yīng)該去征求老師的意見。 If we had followed his advice, we could have done the job better with less money and fewer people. 要是聽取了他的意見,我們不僅可以節(jié)省人力、物力,而且還會(huì)把工作做得更好。 4. 其后若出現(xiàn) that 從句,通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣。如: My advice is that he (should) give up smoking. 我建議他戒煙。 ◆advise v. 1. 表示“建議”,通常為及物動(dòng)詞,若其后的賓語是動(dòng)詞,通常應(yīng)是動(dòng)名詞,而不能是不定式。如: 我建議等到適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。 正:I advise waiting till the right time. 誤:I advise to wait till the right time. 注意:advise 之后不能直接跟不定式,但可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如: He advised us to sell the house. 他建議我們把房子賣了。 The doctor advised me to stop smoking. 醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。 注意 advise 后接不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式不要與上面第一個(gè)句型混為一談。如: 主動(dòng)式:He advised us to sell the house. 被動(dòng)式:We were advised to sell the house. 比較錯(cuò)誤句型:We advised to sell the house. (誤) 2. 其后若接 that 從句,通常要用虛擬語氣(should+v)。如: He advised that I (should) write her a letter. 他建議我給她寫封信。 3. 比較以下同義句型: 請指點(diǎn)我選哪一個(gè)。 正:Please advise me which to choose. 正:Please advise me which I should choose. 我勸他不要一個(gè)人去。 正:I advised him not to go alone. 正:I advised him against going alone. |
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