作家的創(chuàng)作過(guò)程各有特色，我每本書(shū)的構(gòu)思與靈感觸發(fā)也都不盡相同。有的小說(shuō)起源于夢(mèng)境，譬如《透明的紅蘿卜》，有的小說(shuō)則發(fā)端于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中發(fā)生的事件——譬如《天堂蒜薹之歌》。但無(wú)論是起源于夢(mèng)境還是發(fā)端于現(xiàn)實(shí)，最后都必須和個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合，才有可能變成一部具有鮮明個(gè)性的，用無(wú)數(shù)生動(dòng)細(xì)節(jié)塑造出了典型人物的、語(yǔ)言豐富多彩、結(jié)構(gòu)匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)的文學(xué)作品。有必要特別提及的是，在《天堂蒜薹之歌》中，我讓一個(gè)真正的說(shuō)書(shū)人登場(chǎng)，并在書(shū)中扮演了十分重要的角色。我十分抱歉地使用了這個(gè)說(shuō)書(shū)人真實(shí)姓名，當(dāng)然，他在書(shū)中的所有行為都是虛構(gòu)。在我的寫(xiě)作中，出現(xiàn)過(guò)多次這樣的現(xiàn)象，寫(xiě)作之初，我使用他們的真實(shí)姓名，希望能借此獲得一種親近感，但作品完成之后，我想為他們改換姓名時(shí)卻感到已經(jīng)不可能了，因此，也發(fā)生過(guò)與我小說(shuō)中人物同名者找到我父親發(fā)泄不滿的事情，我父親替我向他們道歉，但同時(shí)又開(kāi)導(dǎo)他們不要當(dāng)真。我父親說(shuō)：“他在《紅高粱》中，第一句就說(shuō)‘我父親這個(gè)土匪種’，我都不在意你們還在意什么？”

The process of creation is unique to every writer. Each of my novels differs from the others in terms of plot and guiding inspiration. Some, such as The Transparent Carrot, were born in dreams, while others, like The Garlic Ballads have their origin in actual events. Whether the source of a work is a dream or real life, only if it is integrated with individual experience can it be imbued with individuality, be populated with typical characters molded by lively detail, employ richly evocative language, and boast a well crafted structure. Here I must point out that in The Garlic Ballads I introduced a real-life storyteller and singer in one of the novel’s most important roles. I wish I hadn’t used his real name, though his words and actions were made up. This is a recurring phenomenon with me. I’ll start out using characters’ real names in order to achieve a sense of intimacy, and after the work is finished, it will seem too late to change those names. This has led to people who see their names in my novels going to my father to vent their displeasure. He always apologizes in my place, but then urges them not to take such things so seriously. He’ll say: “The first sentence in Red Sorghum, ‘My father, a bandit’s offspring,’ didn’t upset me, so why should you be unhappy?”

我在寫(xiě)作《天堂蒜薹之歌》這類逼近社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說(shuō)時(shí)，面對(duì)著的最大問(wèn)題，其實(shí)不是我敢不敢對(duì)社會(huì)上的黑暗現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行批評(píng)，而是這燃燒的激情和憤怒會(huì)讓政治壓倒文學(xué)，使這部小說(shuō)變成一個(gè)社會(huì)事件的紀(jì)實(shí)報(bào)告。小說(shuō)家是社會(huì)中人，他自然有自己的立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)，但小說(shuō)家在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，必須站在人的立場(chǎng)上，把所有的人都當(dāng)做人來(lái)寫(xiě)。只有這樣，文學(xué)才能發(fā)端事件但超越事件，關(guān)心政治但大于政治。

My greatest challenges come with writing novels that deal with social realities, such as The Garlic Ballads, not because I’m afraid of being openly critical of the darker aspects of society, but because heated emotions and anger allow politics to suppress literature and transform a novel into reportage of a social event. As a member of society, a novelist is entitled to his own stance and viewpoint; but when he is writing he must take a humanistic stance, and write accordingly. Only then can literature not just originate in events, but transcend them, not just show concern for politics but be greater than politics.

可能是因?yàn)槲医?jīng)歷過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的艱難生活，使我對(duì)人性有較為深刻的了解。我知道真正的勇敢是什么，也明白真正的悲憫是什么。我知道，每個(gè)人心中都有一片難用是非善惡準(zhǔn)確定性的朦朧地帶，而這片地帶，正是文學(xué)家施展才華的廣闊天地。只要是準(zhǔn)確地、生動(dòng)地描寫(xiě)了這個(gè)充滿矛盾的朦朧地帶的作品，也就必然地超越了政治并具備了優(yōu)秀文學(xué)的品質(zhì)。

Possibly because I’ve lived so much of my life in difficult circumstances, I think I have a more profound understanding of life. I know what real courage is, and I understand true compassion. I know that nebulous terrain exists in the hearts and minds of every person, terrain that cannot be adequately characterized in simple terms of right and wrong or good and bad, and this vast territory is where a writer gives free rein to his talent. So long as the work correctly and vividly describes this nebulous, massively contradictory terrain, it will inevitably transcend politics and be endowed with literary excellence.

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