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關(guān)閉窗口 涉及副詞only的三類重要考點(diǎn)
■湖南 陳根花
考點(diǎn)一 only修飾不定式表結(jié)果
only 后接不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)表示目的，有時(shí)表示結(jié)果（尤其表示讓人沒有事先想到或令人感到不快的意外結(jié)果）。如：
Not content with second place, Jeff played only to win. 杰夫不甘心得第二名，他參加比賽就是為了奪冠。（句中的only to win表目的）
He rushed to the airport only to miss his flight by two minutes. 他匆匆到了機(jī)場(chǎng)，不料卻晚到兩分鐘而誤了航班。（句中的only to miss…表結(jié)果）
根據(jù)近幾年的考題情況來看，高考命題者似乎只對(duì)only修飾不定式表結(jié)果感興趣，如2012年就有多道題直接考查了這一用法：
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 湯姆乘出租車去機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的飛機(jī)已飛上了天空。(四川卷)
George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. 喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來，結(jié)果卻被告知他妻子已經(jīng)離他而去了。(山東卷)
另外補(bǔ)充以下典型例句，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們認(rèn)真體會(huì)：
I arrived only to find that the others had already left. 我到達(dá)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)其他人都已經(jīng)離開了。
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店卻發(fā)現(xiàn)錢全落在家了。
I arrived at the campsite, only to discover that it was closed for the winter. 我到了營(yíng)地，才知道那兒冬季不開放。
Garry answered the door only to be knocked flying as two policemen came rushing in. 加里去開門，結(jié)果卻被沖進(jìn)來的警察撞得老遠(yuǎn)。
He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, only to resign from his job soon after he’d received it. 他花了很多時(shí)間來談判提高工資，卻在加了工資后不久辭職了。
考點(diǎn)二 only修飾狀語(yǔ)置于句首
當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝，此時(shí)的only意為“只有”，強(qiáng)調(diào)唯一性和排他性。請(qǐng)看2012年的兩個(gè)高考真題例句：
Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. 只是由于運(yùn)氣特別好，她才得以從上漲的洪水中逃出來。(上海卷)
Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake. 瑪麗只在第二次讀她的作文后，她才注意到那拼寫錯(cuò)誤。(天津卷)
另外補(bǔ)充以下典型例句，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們認(rèn)真體會(huì)：
Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問題。
Only here were the police visible in any strength at all. 只有在這里才能看到廖廖幾個(gè)警察。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教師的允許，學(xué)生才可以進(jìn)這間屋。
注意，若置于句首的“only+狀語(yǔ)”不強(qiáng)調(diào)唯一性或排他性，其中的only表示“只是”，相當(dāng)于just或as recently as等，此時(shí)其后的句子則不用倒裝。如
Only today I saw her—she looks much better. 我今天還見過她——她看起來好多了。
Only yesterday, it seemed to her, she had born Sophia. 她似乎覺得她昨天才生的索菲婭。
Only last week you said you would never smoke again. That didn’t last long, did it? 就在上個(gè)星期你還說過你不再吸煙了。你的話過不了多久就不算數(shù)，是不是?
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