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英語中七種常見目的狀語
■湖南 劉青沅
一、用to do sth表目的
用不定式表目的是最簡單也是最常用的方法，它既可以用于句末，也可用于句首，但比較而言，用于句首時，其強調意味較濃。如：
After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up with the others. 他因病一學期未上課，得努力趕上其他同學。
To avoid any delay please phone your order direct. 為免延誤，請直接打電話預訂。
To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 為了不至于睡著，他們坐在地板上輪流著講故事。
To avoid back problems, always bend your knees when you lift heavy objects. 為了不使背部受傷，你在扛重東西時，一定要將膝蓋彎曲著。
不定式的否定式為not to do sth，而不是 to not do sth。如：
She had to struggle not to give in to a desire to laugh. 她極力控制自己不要笑出來。
Then there was the mad rush not to be late for school. 然后就是匆忙往學校趕，以免遲到。
I went to France not to study French, but to study architecture. 我去法國不是為了學法語，而是為了學建筑。
He claimed he had bought the cigarettes for home consumption, not to sell them. 他聲稱他買煙是為了自家享用，不是為了出售。
二、用so as to do sth表目的
so as to do sth是to do sth的變體，意思是“以便”“為了”“為的是”等。用so as to do sth表示目的時，它通常用于句末。如：
I left a message so as to be sure of contacting her. 我留下了張條子以便與她取得聯系。
The two lovers dropped back so as to be alone. 那對情人落在后面，為的是兩人好單獨在一起。
I always keep fruit in the fridge so as to keep insects off it. 我總是把水果放在冰箱里，以防蟲子叮咬。
表示目的的so as to do sth有時也可放在句首（但是若so as to do sth是表示結果，則不可放在句首）。如：
So as to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took extra trouble over the figures. 為了向老板顯示他是個工作非常細心的人，他在這些數字上費了比平常更多的力氣。
so as to do sth的否定式是so as not to do sth，意思是“為了不……”“以免”。如：
They tiptoed upstairs so as not to wake the baby. 他們踮著腳上樓，以免吵醒孩子。
We left in the daytime so as not to arouse suspicion. 我們在白天離開以免引起懷疑。
I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby. 為了不驚醒寶寶，我輕輕地關上門。
三、用in order to do sth表目的
in order to do sth也是to do sth的變體。用in order to do sth表示目的時，它既可以用于句末，也可用于句首，但比較而言，用于句首時，其強調意味較濃。如：
She lied about her age in order to get the job. 她為了謀得那份工作隱瞞了年齡。
She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早，圖的是得個好座位。
Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 完成這些目標需要團隊合作。
In order to get the job you must be able to drive. 要做這項工作你得會開車。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. 為了考入一個好的學校，我必須更加用功。
in order to do sth的否定式是in order not to do sth，意思是“為了不……”“以免”。如：
She slept in a separate room in order not to disturb him. 她在另一房間睡覺，為了不至打擾他。
Please reply at once in order not to lose this opportunity of a lower price. 請立即回復，以免失去這次低價的機會。
They must have worn gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints. 他們一定戴上了手套，以防留下指紋。
注意，in order to do sth 還有另外一個否定形式，那就是 not in order to do sth，其意為“不是為了……”。如：
Big farmers are moving in, not in order to farm, but in order to speculate with rising land prices. 大農場主正在不斷涌進來，不是為了耕作，而是要利用不斷上漲的地價進行投機。
This expression refers to encounters between ships of hostile nations. One ship might fire a shot at another, not in order to hit it, but to warn it to move. 這個表達源于敵對國船只在海上相遇時，一方可能向另一方鳴炮，不是為了擊中目標，而是警告其快速離開。
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