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1. -ing分詞概述
-ing分詞的基本形式是由動(dòng)詞加-ing 構(gòu)成，與動(dòng)詞的分詞形式一致。
-ing分詞的主要變化形式有一般式和完成式；一般式和完成式中又分別有主動(dòng)形式及被動(dòng)形式。詳見(jiàn)下表：
|
|
主動(dòng)形式 |
被動(dòng)形式 |
|
一般式 |
doing |
being done |
|
完成式 |
having done |
having been done |
2. -ing分詞的意義
(1) -ing分詞所表示的動(dòng)作常與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：
He used to stand there thinking. 他過(guò)去常站在那兒思考。
They held activities celebrating their culture. 他們舉行活動(dòng)來(lái)慶祝他們的文化。
(2) -ing分詞若在suggest, insist等動(dòng)詞后或作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示的動(dòng)作常發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后；
He suggested us practicing English every day. 他建議我們每天練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
He insists on going with us together. 他堅(jiān)持要跟我們一起去。
Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there. 她母親一個(gè)人走了，讓她一個(gè)人在那兒哭。
(3) -ing分詞若在forget, regret, remember等動(dòng)詞后或作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。如：
Can you still remember living there? 你還能記得在那里的生活情況嗎？
I don’t regret helping him, though he is unkind to us. 盡管她對(duì)我們不友好，我對(duì)幫助他還是不后悔。
(4) -ing分詞若在介詞before, after之后，動(dòng)作的先后依介詞before, after的意義而定。如：
I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep. 我在入睡前常要看一看報(bào)紙。
(5) -ing分詞表泛指意義的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí)，沒(méi)有時(shí)間意義。如：
Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit. 堅(jiān)持做早操是一種好的習(xí)慣。
(6) -ing分詞的完成式表示所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。如：
Not having received her answer, he decided to write to her again. 由于沒(méi)有收到她的回信，他決定再給她寫(xiě)封信(from www.hz123456.com)。
(7) -ing分詞的主動(dòng)形式，表明邏輯主語(yǔ)所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作；-ing分詞的被動(dòng)形式表明邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：
Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the town very beautiful. 你從山頂上看，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這座城市很美。
Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful. 從山頂上看去，這座城市看起來(lái)很美。
(8) -ing分詞的否定式是在-ing分詞前面加否定詞not。如(from www.hz123456.com)：
Not knowing what to do, he went to ask the teacher for help. 由于不知道該怎么做，他去請(qǐng)求老師的幫助。
Not having made it clear, he went to ask the teacher about it again. 由于他沒(méi)有弄明白，他又去向老師詢(xún)問(wèn)這件事。
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