分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)用法說(shuō)明

(1) 分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念

分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)指的就是一個(gè)用作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞后接一個(gè)分詞，它在句中主要用作狀語(yǔ)。如：

The question being settled, we went home. 問(wèn)題解決之后，我們就回家了。

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公車已經(jīng)走了，我們必須走路回家。

(2) 分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。如：

The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我們就回家了。

Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。

An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因?yàn)槊魈煲�發(fā)表一個(gè)重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。

A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold). 一個(gè)獵人走了進(jìn)來(lái)，他的臉凍得通紅。

We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個(gè)人干兩個(gè)人的活。

(3) 關(guān)于being / having been的省略問(wèn)題

在許多情況下，獨(dú)立主格中的現(xiàn)在分詞being和having been可以省略，而不會(huì)改變句意的變化。如：

This (being) done, I set about cleaning the windows. 做完此事，我就開(kāi)始擦洗窗戶。

(Being) seized with a sudden fear, she gave a scream. 她突然感到害怕，叫了一聲。

(Being) asked to sing a song for them, she couldn’t very well refuse. 當(dāng)要求她為他們唱個(gè)歌時(shí)，她就不好拒絕了。

但是，在下列兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或having been）不能省略：

① 獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)。如：

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。

② 在There being＋名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

There being no further business, I declared the meeting closed. 由于沒(méi)有別的事了，我宣布閉會(huì)。