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關閉窗口 考點2 考查關系代詞的省略問題
在通常情況下，關系代詞是不能省略的。但有一種例句，就是當關系代詞作賓語時，它可以省略（不管是指人還是指物）。如：
Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎?
Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰?
但是，當關系代詞在定語從句中用作主語時，是絕不能省略的。如：
他就是住在隔壁的那個人。
誤：He is the man lives next door.
正：He is the man who lives next door.
另外，即使是用作賓語，如果是緊跟在介詞后也不能省略。如：
這就是他向他們說過的那所房子。
誤：It was the house about he had told them.
正：It was the house about which he had told them.
【考例1】This is the novel ________ is written by Guo Jingming. (山東德州中考題)
A. who B. what C. that D. 不填
【分析】答案選C。由于what不是關系代詞，不能引導定語從句，故可排除B；又由于先行詞novel指物，所以不能選指人的who，故可排除A；又因為關系代詞在定語從句中用作主語，所以不能省略，故可排除D。
【考例2】The skirt ________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it. (湖北孝感中考題)
A. what B. 不填 C. that D. it (www.hz123456.com)
【分析】答案選C。由于what和it不能用作關系代詞，不能引導定語從句，所以排除A和D；又因為關系代詞在定語從句中用作主語，所以不能省略，故選C。
考點3 考查關系代詞that與which的區別
兩者均可用于指物，通常可互換。如：
That is the house that [which] we built. 這就是我們蓋的房子。
She was not in the train which [that] arrived just now. 她不在剛到的那列火車上。
但是，that可以指人，而which不能指人。如：
Who is the man that you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰?
She is the girl that you saw in school. 她就是你在學校見到的那個女孩。
另外，在以下情況，通常用that引導定語從句：
1. 當先行詞是every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等不定代詞或受其修飾時。如：
Take anything that you want. 你想要什么，就拿什么。
Everything that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。
2. 當先行詞受the very, the only, the same 等修飾時。如：
This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有這一個。
This is the very watch that I lost yesterday. 這就是我昨天不見了的表。
3. 當先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數詞(包括last, next等)等修飾時。如：
It was the largest map that I ever saw. 那是我所看見過的最大的地圖。
This is the best picture that he has ever painted. 這是他所畫的畫當中最好的一幅。
4. 當先行詞是一個既指人又指物的并列詞組時。如：
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他們談論了使他們印象最深的人和事。
【考例】I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places ________ you can visit during the winter holidays. (山東煙臺中考題)
A. where B. which C. what D. that
【分析】答案選D。由于what不是關系代詞，不能引導定語從句，所以排除C；通過分析定語從句的句子結構可知，該定語從句的謂語動詞visit缺賓語，由此可排除關系副詞where（因為關系副詞只能用作狀語）；另外，由于先行詞受到最高級的修飾，故應選關系代詞that，而不選which。
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