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關(guān)閉窗口 搞定省略難題的經(jīng)典方法
■湖南 周天教
省略是指在不影響句子意思明了、清楚的前提下，將句子中的某些成分省略掉，從而使所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容更加緊湊和簡潔。近年來，許多高考試題為增加其靈活性和考查考生綜合運用語言的能力，經(jīng)常利用省略這一手段來編制試題，或考查考生對省略句的判斷和理解，或借省略為干擾考查其他相關(guān)知識點，并因此出現(xiàn)了不少同學(xué)們望而生畏的難題，本文擬就如何應(yīng)對這類試題作一分析，并為同學(xué)們介紹五大攻克省略難題的方法。
一、整句還原法
所謂整句還原法，即指通過分析題干所提供的情景或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，將命題者省略的部分補(bǔ)充完整，然后再根據(jù)完整的句子進(jìn)行分析和答題。如：
1. “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_________ I was last night.”
A. That B. When C. Where D. What
分析：此題應(yīng)選 C，其余三項均有可能誤選。做對此題的關(guān)鍵是要明確答語部分為省略句，若將其補(bǔ)充完整，即為：I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night. 其中where 引導(dǎo)的是一個賓語從句。請再看以下類似試題：
(1) “What made her so happy?” “_________ her son passed the college entrance examinations.”
A. That B. 不填 C. Since D. For
此題選A，若將其補(bǔ)充完整，即為：That her son passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy.
(2) “What made you so upset?” “_________ my wallet.”
A. Lost B. Losing C. Having lost D. Being lost
此題選B，若將其補(bǔ)充完整，即為：Losing my wallet made me so upset.
(3) “What did she tell you?” “_________ she would be late”
A. That B. When C. Where D. Whether
此題選A，若將其補(bǔ)充完整，即為：She told me that she would be late.
2. I want to improve my English, but I don’t know _________. What can you suggest?
A. when B. how C. why D. where
分析：此題應(yīng)選 B，其余三項均有可能誤選，其實此句為省略句，若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為：…but I don’t know how to improve my English. 請看以下類似試題：
(1) I think the door is locked, but I’d better go and make sure it _________.
A. does B. has C. was D. is
答案選D，為 …and make sure it is locked 之省略。
(2) Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember _________.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
答案選C，為I can’t remember which city he comes from 之省略。
(3) He didn’t sell half as many computers as he thought he _________.
A. had B. was C. would D. sold
答案選C，為He didn’t sell half as many computers as he thought he would sell 之省略。
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