在英語(yǔ)法上看到了陳老師的這篇文章,里邊有說一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表過去。例:
I hear that he got married last month
巧的是我在其它地方還看到過一個(gè)說法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表完成。例:
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
所以我覺得可能它是可以表過去亦可表完成。
針對(duì)上述材料,我直截了當(dāng)說明我的觀點(diǎn):
1. 我不同意包括陳老師在內(nèi)的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表過去”以及你提供的觀點(diǎn)。理由已經(jīng)講得很清楚了。
2.你最后列舉的三個(gè)句子完全正確,主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)沒有問題。問題在于,你沒有認(rèn)真思考和研究這三個(gè)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)。
The local authority considered that the school did not meet requirements.
(considered說明一種看法,did not meet是當(dāng)時(shí)的一種實(shí)際情況。若改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)就是:The local authority considers that the school doesn't meet requirements.)
The study found that men who were married lived longer than those who were not.
(found說明一種研究的結(jié)果,賓語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容是一種客觀存在。若改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)就是:The study finds that men who are married lives longer than those who are not.)
She suddenly remembered that she was supposed to meet him after work.
(rememered說明一種心理記憶的變化,賓語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容是當(dāng)時(shí)的情況,be 動(dòng)詞表狀態(tài),用一般過去式,那是必須的。若改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)就是:She suddenly remembers that she is supposed to meet him after work.)
我把句子改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),是為了幫助理解,不是其他的意思,別誤解。
consider, find, remember這三個(gè)詞,屬于心理意識(shí)形態(tài)類的動(dòng)詞(我暫且命名,不一定合適)。這類動(dòng)詞如果使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),不存在它能代表和替代其他的時(shí)態(tài);此外,其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受限制(如果需要的話)。
如果使用了一般過去時(shí),說明是過去的一種思想意識(shí),不是過去的一次性動(dòng)作,其賓語(yǔ)從句完全可以使用一般過去時(shí)。
但是:I heard that he went to Beijing.這個(gè)句子,是不符合語(yǔ)法的。賓語(yǔ)從句中"go”這個(gè)動(dòng)作,不可以使用一般過去式,它與你舉的例子不能同日而語(yǔ)。我再問一次:這個(gè)句子到底想表達(dá)什么意思?是 I heard that he had gone to Beijing. 還是 I heard that he would go to Beijing. ?
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