(5) 作定語

-ing分詞作定語時，分兩種情況。

a. 單個的動詞—ing 形式作定語時，它總是位于被修飾的名詞之前，說明被修飾名詞的目的、用途或特征。如：

China is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。

Would you please give me some writing paper? 請給一些書寫紙好嗎？

b. -ing分詞接名詞、代詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語作定語時，總是位于所修飾的名詞之后，說明名詞所處的狀態(tài)或進行的動作。如：

The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei. 在教室里學(xué)習(xí)的那個男孩是李蕾。

Don’t trouble the dog sleeping over there. 不要惹事生非。

(6) 作同位語

-ing分詞作同位語時，位于同位的名詞之后，且跟前面的名詞用逗號隔開，表示前面名詞的內(nèi)容。如：

His idea, helping farmers get in their crops, interested us very much. 他那幫助農(nóng)民收割莊稼的想法使我們很感興趣。

The goal, making two thousand cars this mouth, excites the workers. 本月生產(chǎn)兩千輛小汽車的目標使工人們很興奮。

(7) 作狀語

-ing分詞在句子中做狀語，表示謂語動詞所發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨、目的、程度和結(jié)果。如：

a. 作時間狀語

Having cleaned the house, she went on to help her mother pick apples. 把房子打掃后，她又繼續(xù)幫助母親摘蘋果。

Having had his breakfast, he began to look for work again. 吃過早餐后，他又開始去尋找工作。

b. 作原因狀語

Not knowing English, they found it very difficult to communicate with the people in America. 由于不懂英語，他發(fā)現(xiàn)在美國跟人們交流很困難。

Getting up late, he missed his early train. 由于起床晚了，他沒有趕上早班火車。

c. 作條件狀語

Living in a polluted environment, people may fall ill easily. 如果生活在受污染的環(huán)境中，人們很容易生病。

Loving others, you will be loved by others. 如果你愛他人，你就會得到他人的愛。

d. 作讓步狀語

Being at school or at home, she is a good girl. 不管是在學(xué)校還是在家，她都是個好姑娘。

Talking or acting, he is very honest. 無論是說話還是做事，他都很誠實。

e. 作方式狀語

He went there riding his bike. 他騎單車去那里。

They make money selling fruits. 他們靠賣水果掙錢。

f. 作伴隨狀語

He used to sit there thinking. 過去他常坐在那里思考。

He walked along the river singing in a low voice. 他一邊沿著河邊走一邊低聲唱著歌兒。

g. 作目的狀語。作目的狀語的-ing分詞一般是表示所從事的活動方面的動詞，如：boating, climbing, fishing, hunting, riding, sailing, shopping, shooting, skating, skiing, swimming, walking, washing等(from www.hz123456.com)。

I often go shopping with mother on Sundays. 星期天我常跟媽媽買東西。

Will you please go skating with me this afternoon? 今天下午跟我去滑冰好嗎？

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