not only…but also…是否一定要連接對稱結(jié)構(gòu)

湖南   陳仁禎

一、連接對稱結(jié)構(gòu)

not only…but also…是一對非常有用的關(guān)聯(lián)連詞，其意為“不僅……而且……”“不但……而且……”，通常用于連接兩個(gè)相同的句子成分，即所謂的“對稱結(jié)構(gòu)”。如：

1. 連接主語

Not only you but also I am hungry. 不只你，我也餓了呢。

Not only men but also women were chosen. 不僅僅是男的，女的也有被選中的。

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不僅學(xué)生們在欣賞這部影片，他們的老師也在欣賞這部影片。

2. 連接謂語

She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不僅很會演奏，而且還會作曲。

He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read. 他不僅讀過這本書，還記得內(nèi)容。

She not only sings like an angel, but also dances divinely. 她不但唱歌唱得像天使一樣，而且跳舞也跟天仙一般。

3. 連接表語

He is not only arrogant but also selfish. 他不但傲慢，而且自私。

The place was not only cold, but also damp. 那個(gè)地方不但很冷而且很潮濕。

Certain poisons, used as medicines in small quantities, prove not only innocuous, but beneficial. 某些毒品，如少量用作藥品，證明不但無毒，而且有益。

4. 連接賓語

He speaks both French and English well. 他法語和英語都說得好。

She likes not only music but also sport. 她不但喜歡音樂而且喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。

If this project fails it will affect not only our department, but also the whole organization. 要是這個(gè)方案不成功，這不僅不會影響我們這個(gè)部門，而且會影響整個(gè)組織。

5. 連接定語

There are problems not only with the students, but also with the teachers themselves. 不但學(xué)生們有難題，教師們自己也有。

6. 連接狀語

We go there not only in winter, but also in summer. 我們不僅冬天去那兒，而且夏天也去。

He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不僅平時(shí)工作，星期日也工作。

They landed up not only having to apologize but also offering to pay. 他們最后不但同意道歉，而且還要付款。

二、連接非對稱結(jié)構(gòu)

但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，該結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)不完全遵循“連接相同句子成分”的用法而出現(xiàn)一些非對稱結(jié)構(gòu)。這類用法主要有以下幾類：

1. 因承前省略而導(dǎo)致的不對稱

(1) He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends. 他不僅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。

句中的not only后接的是謂語goes to，而but also后接的卻是狀語 on weekends，可視為but also后承前省略了謂語動(dòng)詞 goes to work。

(2) She not only plays the piano, but also the violin. 他不僅彈鋼琴，而且還拉小提琴。

句中的not only后為謂語動(dòng)詞，而but also后接的是名詞，實(shí)為動(dòng)詞plays的賓語，可視為在but also后承前省略了謂語動(dòng)詞plays。

(3) Her charm not only consists in her beauty but also in her self-confidence. 她的魅力不僅在于她的美貌，而且在于她的自信。

可視為but also后承前省略了consists。

2. 因強(qiáng)調(diào)導(dǎo)致不對稱

有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，not only…but also…連接的兩個(gè)成分也可能是“不對稱”的，這類用法尤其見于not only后接的是句子的一個(gè)部分，而but卻用于句中“連接”一個(gè)句子（其后的句中可能出現(xiàn)also，也可能省略also）。如：

(1) It’s not only useless to trouble him but it is needless to do so. 去麻煩他不僅沒有用而且沒有必要。

(2) He’s not only very fast, but he’s also got marvellous technique. 他不僅很快，而且技術(shù)高超。

(3) His headache and fatigue not only subsided, but, what is more, his craving for alcohol disappeared. 不但他的頭疼和疲勞減累輕了，而且他嗜酒的毛病也消失了。

這類用法有時(shí)也可能會省略but后面的主語，而保留其后的謂語。如：

(4) The film was not only amusing, but gave a valuable moral lesson. 這部電影不但逗人，而且也上了一堂有價(jià)值的道德教育課。（句子后半部分可視為but it gave a valuable moral lesson之省略）

(5) She was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable. 這艘輪船不僅是造船史上建造的最大的一艘船，而且也被認(rèn)為是不會沉沒的。（句子后半部分可視為but she was regarded as unsinkable之省略）

(6) These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well. 它們吸引大量游客，不僅是因?yàn)榻ㄖ�風(fēng)格奇特，而且還有大量保存完好的壁畫。