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close只能作非延續(xù)性動詞嗎？　　

本站特約作者 李 翔　　

《隨堂練習與評價》(配江蘇版)英語9A(江蘇科學技術(shù)出版社 2011年8月第3次印刷)p75:　　　　

19. I want to know how long the shop has ___________.　　　　

A. closed B. been closed C. closing D. been closing 　　　　

P143: 19. B 倒閉多長時間用延續(xù)性動作，即“be closed”。　　　　

秦裕祥著《英語語法專題研究》(湖南師范大學出版社1999年5 月第1版)p22: ……根據(jù)這些語義特性，瞬間動詞是絕對終止性動詞，它們的動詞一經(jīng)開始即刻終止，通常條件下絕對不能延續(xù)。這類動詞常見的有:..., close,...　　　　

從以上可以看出以上兩書的編者都認為close 是非延續(xù)性動詞。　　　　

然而，筆者認為：籠統(tǒng)的、不加分析地把close 全部當作非延續(xù)性動詞是不科學的、也是不符合英語實際的。　　　　

請看《朗文當代高級英語辭典》(英英•英漢雙解)(第4版電子版)上close作延續(xù)性動詞的一種用法：3. SHUT FOR A PERIOD OF TIME 關(guān)閉一段時間 [I,T] also 又作close up if a shop or building closes, or you close it, it stops being open to the public for a period time [暫時性] 關(guān)閉，歇業(yè)　　　　

從以上對close的解釋“SHUT FOR A PERIOD OF TIME 關(guān)閉一段時間”可知，此時的close確實是延續(xù)性動詞，并且既可以作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞。　　　　

再請看英美國家中close作延續(xù)性動詞的真實例證：　　　　

1. BUY-BNC BRTISH NATIONAL CORPUS (UK,1980s-1993) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University ) http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/：　　　　

More than 16,000 mining jobs have been lost since last October when British Coal unveiled its pit-closure programme, leaving a workforce of just 24,000. Nineteen collieries have closed since then, despite Government intervention. 　　　　

2.The CORPUS OF CONTEMPORAY AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2011) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/：　　

1990 Sleep-away berths for poorer minority youths have become scarcer. More than 2,500 camps -- about 　1 in　 5 -- have closed since the mid-' 70s; those of nonprofit agencies have been especially hard hit.　　　　

2001 "It was such a great way to relieve stress, " said one skater, who, fearing " the madness of the past week, " declined to give his name. " But passing the rescue workers outside, I was thinking maybe Chelsea Piers should have closed for a few days."　　　　

2001 The violence also has taken an economic toll. At least 25 Israeli hotels have closed since September.　　　　

2005 The ski industry has struggled over the past two decades as baby boomers turned to less demanding vacations such as cruising. More than 200 U.S. resorts have closed since 1985.　　　　

2005 Nationwide, according to data compiled by the federal government and Modern Healthcare magazine, more than 560 hospitals have closed since 1990-clobbered by stagnant reimbursement rates from government and the insurance industry, rising malpractice rates, skyrocketing prices for drugs and medical equipment, and increasing numbers of uninsured patients who can't pay their bills.　　　　

2006 The tab is growing. 　　California　　 spends half a billion dollars a year on illegal alien healthcare, only 11 percent is reimbursed by the federal government. Forty-four of California hospitals have closed since 2000.　　　　

2007 The Mixed Picture Around the world, the nuclear picture is mixed. 2007 Six U.S. reactors have closed since 1996, and seven in Canada are unlikely to operate again.　　　　

2009 The current global economic situation has depressed prices and challenged the rapid growth of galleries, says Mr. Ross. " Half of the 300 galleries in 　　Beijing　　's 798 area the main gallery district have closed since June, although some may reopen for the summer tourist season, " he says　　

從以上可以看出close完全可以作延續(xù)性動詞。　　　　

最后，讓我們再來看篇首的試題，從試題所處的語境，很難推斷出close作“倒閉”的意思。　　

根據(jù)Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (8th edition 電子版)： 　　

3 [ transitive, often passive, intransitive ] to make the work of a shop/store, etc. stop for a period of time; to not be open for people to use 　　　　

4 [ transitive, intransitive ] ~ (sth) ( also ˌclose ˈdown, ˌclose sth ˈdown ) 　　　　

if a company, shop/store, etc. closes, or if you close it, it stops operating as a business 　　　　

可知：close 和shop的習慣性搭配是close作“關(guān)閉”解，無論是暫時性“關(guān)閉”，還是永久性“關(guān)閉”。　　　　

因此，選擇項A，即closed可以作為正確的答案；而所給的答案B，即been closed可以有兩種理解方式：一是close作及物動詞，并且作延續(xù)性動詞，可以理解成被動語態(tài)；二是close非延續(xù)性動詞，be closed為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)。