10. That day Mr Smith got up late, so he ran as fast as he could _________ the early bus.

A. catch                   B. to catch  C. catching  D. caught

【分析】此題容易誤選A，認為情態動詞后只能接動詞原形。但是，錯了，正確的答案是B。其實情態動詞 could 后本來有動詞原形 run，只是被省略了，即此句的完整形式應是 …so he ran as fast as he could run to catch the early bus，其中的不定式 to catch the early bus 為目的狀語。又如：

(1) My parents did what they could _________ my aunt and uncle.

A. help                     B. to help                  C. helping                 D. helped

(2) He read what he could _________ his knowledge.

A. widen                   B. to widen               C. widening              D. widened

以上兩題均選B，即選不定式，且此不定式為目的狀語。但是，同學們若據此形成思維定勢，也會麻煩。為此，請再看兩題：

(1) He ran as fast as he could _________to catch the bus.

A. hope                    B. to hope                 C. hoping                  D. hoped

【分析】此題的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的現在分詞短語 hoping to catch the bus 用作伴隨狀語，即一邊跑一邊在希望能趕上早班車。

(2) He spent every minute he could _________ foreign languages.

A. study                   B. to study                C. studying               D. studied

【分析】此題也應選C，但是，它與上題選現在分詞 hoping 表伴隨有所不同，此題的 studying 其實與其前的動詞 spend 有關，即此句中的 studying 為動名詞，其前省略了介詞 in。注意spend 的句型：spend + 時間或金錢 + (in) doing sth。

11. _________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It                        B. As                       C. That                    D. What

【分析】此題很容易誤選 A，認為此處應填一個形式主語，況且 It is (well) known to…也是一個常用句型，讀起來也很上口，其實選錯了。同學們仔細想想看，假若選 A，空格處填一個形式主語(it)，那么其后就應有一個真正的主語，而事實上沒有。但是若句中的逗號改成 that，則只能選 A，因為這樣一來，that 便成為一個引導主語從句的引導詞。此題的最佳答案是 B，as 引導的是一個非限制性定語從句，可置于主句前(常譯為“正如”)或主句后(常譯為“這一點”)，句意為“正如大家所知，月球每月繞地球轉一周”。

12. He is always really rude, _________ is why people tend to avoid him.

A. that                     B. it                         C. this                     D. which

【分析】此題容易誤選 A，因為 that’s why…是一個常用結構，同學們極易受此影響而選錯，當然若此句的空格前有連詞 and 或其前的逗號改為分號，則完全可選that（分別構成并列句或兩個獨立的簡單句）。此題的最佳答案是 D，句子后半部為一個非限制性定語從句，which 指 He is always really rude. 另外請比較以下兩題（注意連詞的有無）：

(1) He had a lot of friends, none of _________ could lend him any money. （選A）

(2) He had a lot of friends, but none of _________ could lend him any money. （選B）

A. whom                  B. them                    C. which                  D. who

13. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _________ translated into a foreign language.

A. them                   B. which                   C. it                         D. what

同學們看了上面一題的分析后，也許會毫不猶豫地認為此題應選 B，理由是none前沒有并列連詞 and 或 but，其實這次又錯了。此題的最佳選項應是A，注意此句與上面一句有著本質的不同，即此句的 translated 不是謂語，而是一個非謂語動詞（過去分詞），所以逗號后面其實不是一個完整的句子，而是一個獨立結構。假若在 translated 前加一個助動詞 was，則此題應選 B(which)，構成一個非限制性定語從句。所以做這類題要特別小心，千萬不要想當然，更不要受定勢思維的影響。又如：

(1) I met several people there, two of _________ were foreigners. （選A）

(2) I met several people there, two of _________ being foreigners. （選B）

A. whom                  B. them                    C. who                     D. which

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