11. “What made her struggle _________ an artist so hard?” “_________ she was a woman.”

A. became, 不填     B. to become, 不填  C. become, That     D. to become, That

【分析】此題容易誤選C，想當然地認為第一空應填 become (不帶to)，是因為其前有使役動詞 made。其實，此題應選D，在 What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? 一句中，what 是句子主語，made 是謂語，her struggle to become an artist 是賓語 (其中的不定式 to become an artist 是修飾her struggle 的定語)，so hard 是賓語補足語。許多同學誤選C是將 her struggle 看作賓語，而將 become an artist 看作是賓語補足語，照此分析，so hard 又是什么成分呢？第二空填 That，用以引導主語從句 (此 that 不可省略)，其后的謂語和賓語等被省略，若補充完整，即為 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.

12. _________ doesn’t seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.

A. It                        B. That                    C. There                  D. He

許多同學一看選項便想當然地認為，這是考查形式主語 it 的用法，所以便毫不猶豫地選了A。同學們仔細想想看，假若此題選形式主語 it，那么真正的主語在哪兒呢？沒有。其實，此題應選C，屬 there be 句型一種比較復雜的表現形式，請看下面幾個句子，它們均屬there be 句型，但結構一個比一個復雜：

There is much difficulty in solving the problem.

There seems to be much difficulty in solving the problem.

There seems to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.

There doesn’t seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.

以下各句用的是否是 there be句型，你看得出來嗎?（答案均選B）

(1) There is going to _________ a class meeting tonight

A. have                     B. be                        C. do                        D. attend

(2) _________ used to be a big tree in front of the old house.

A. It                         B. There                   C. They                    D. That

(3) _________ happened to be a foreign teacher there.

A. It                         B. There                   C. They                    D. That

(4) There seems to _________ a storm soon.

A. have                     B. be                        C. fall                       D. blow

(5) _________ have been many such accidents here recently.

A. It                         B. There                   C. They                    D. We

(6) There must have _________ something wrong with the machine.

A. gone                    B. been                     C. had                      D. done

(7) _________ is said to be no life on the moon.

A. It                         B. There                   C. That                     D. He

13. Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

A. its                       B. whose                  C. which                  D. that

【分析】此題很容易誤選B，許多同學會認為句中逗號后是一個非限制性的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其后的名詞 owner。此分析從表面上看，似乎天衣無縫，但實質上是錯的，原因是空格后根本不是一個句子，因為沒有謂語。盡管句中有兩個動詞，但它們都是非謂語動詞。也許有的同學認為，其中的 seated 可視為謂語動詞，但是注意，seat 用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其后要么接賓語，要么它就用于被動語態，所以若在 seated 前加上助動詞 is，則可以選擇B（當然若將 seated 改為 sitting，也應選擇B）。所以此題最佳答案選A。請再看一個類似的例子：

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