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4. Charles Babbage was considered _________ the first telephone.

A. inventing             B. having invented   C. to invent             D. to have invented

【分析】此題容易誤選A或B，因?yàn)樵S多學(xué)生只記住“consider 后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞”這一死規(guī)則。殊不知，consider可表示“考慮”和“認(rèn)為”兩個(gè)用法，且這兩個(gè)用法的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是不同的，即表示“考慮”時(shí)，其后不能接不定式，而接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；表示“認(rèn)為”時(shí)，則其后不接動(dòng)名詞，但可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即用于“consider+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)，上面一題即為此結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。所以答案應(yīng)選C或D，但從時(shí)間上看，invent 應(yīng)在 be considered 之前，故不定式 to invent 應(yīng)用完成式，即用 to have invented，故選D。

5. The husband advised _________ to the south, but his wife advised him _________ up the idea.

A. moving, giving  B. to move, to give  C. moving, to give  D. to move, giving

【分析】此題容易誤選A，因?yàn)樵S多學(xué)生都記住了“advise 后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞而不用不定式”這一搭配規(guī)則。但此“規(guī)則” 的表述是不準(zhǔn)確的，準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是：advise 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式；但若其后接的動(dòng)詞前有賓語(yǔ)，此動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則此動(dòng)詞要用不定式。即說(shuō) advise doing sth (建議做某事)或 advise sb to do sth (建議某人做某事)。類似情況的還有 allow(允許)，permit(允許)，forbid(禁止)等動(dòng)詞，即：

allow doing sth 允許做某事，allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事；

permit doing sth 允許做某事，permit sb to do sth 允許某人做某事；

forbid doing sth 禁止做某事，forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事。

順便說(shuō)一句，要特別注意以上各句型后一結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，如：

We don’t allow smoking in the lab. 我們不準(zhǔn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。

We don’t allow people to smoke in the lab. 我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。

People are not allowed to smoke in the lab. 人們不準(zhǔn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。

綜上所述，此題答案應(yīng)選C。

6. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _________ that I need most.

A. anything              B. something           C. nothing               D. everything

【分析】此題容易誤選A，機(jī)械地套用以下規(guī)則：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。當(dāng)然此規(guī)則在通常情況下是有效的，但此句不屬通常用法。此題的最佳答案應(yīng)是B，something 在此的意思不是“某種東西”，而是指“那種東西”或“這種東西”，即心中最想要的那種東西(相當(dāng)于 the thing)。同樣地，下面幾題的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：(www.hz123456.com)

(1) It’s not _________ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject.

A. anything               B. something             C. nothing                 D. everything

(2) It’s not _________ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.

A. anything               B. something             C. nothing                 D. everything

(3) Self-control is not _________ that comes with your birth.

A. anything               B. something             C. nothing                 D. everything

(4) This is not _________ that would disturb me anyway.

A. anything               B. something             C. nothing                 D. everything

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