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名師詳解語法易錯(cuò)題（10）

成分插入類錯(cuò)誤

（內(nèi)部講稿，僅供交流，請(qǐng)勿商用）

有時(shí)一個(gè)本來很簡單的句子，由于表達(dá)的需要，在其中置入一個(gè)插入成分，或?qū)⒛承┏煞謴恼�常位置調(diào)入一個(gè)在同學(xué)們看來屬“非正常”的位置(如賓語從句前置等)，則很有可能給同學(xué)們的理解帶來困難（尤其是閱讀能力不是很好的同學(xué)會(huì)更感困難）。假若命題人就此命題，那就更麻煩了。請(qǐng)看以下幾個(gè)實(shí)例：

◇He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

A. that                      B. which                   C. as                        D. because

你知道句中的 believe it or not 是什么成分嗎？你認(rèn)為此題應(yīng)填 which 嗎？換句話說，填空句是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句嗎？如果你正是這樣認(rèn)為的，那你就大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了。

◇She promised _________ he had enough money she would marry him.

A. that                      B. if                         C. that if                   D. if that

【分析】此題答案應(yīng)選A還是B？另外，that 與 if 可以重迭嗎？若可以，是 that if 還是 if that？其中的 that 可以省略嗎？

◇“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________ to go to university.” “So do I”.

A. hope                    B. hopes                   C. hoping                  D. hoped

空白處是謂語還是非謂語？該填 hope(s) 還是 hoping? 其中的 working hard at his or her lessons 在句中起什么作用？

你若想知道以上問題的答案，或想知道其他相關(guān)更多問題的答案，請(qǐng)繼續(xù)往下讀。

1. Don’t you know, my dear friend, _________ it is you that she loves?

A. who                     B. which                   C. that                     D. what

【分析】此題容易誤選 A或B，選 A 者認(rèn)為這是指人的，故用 who；選B者認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句，兩者都是誤認(rèn)為這是定語從句(注意沒有先行詞)，其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選C，它引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語從句，只是被其中的插入語 my dear friend 隔開罷了。其實(shí)此句也可說成 My dear friend, don’t you know that it is you that she loves? 又如：

I think, though I could be mistaken, _________ he liked me.

A. who                     B. which                   C. that                      D. what

答案選 C，句子可改寫為 I think that he liked me, though I could be mistaken. 即 that he liked me 是動(dòng)詞 think 之賓語從句。

2. He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

A. that                     B. which                   C. as                        D. because

【分析】此題容易誤選 B，誤認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選 A，that 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)用以修飾名詞 the news 的同位語從句。不少同學(xué)之所以誤選B，正是 believe it or not（信不信由你）這個(gè)插入成分惹的禍。

3. John plays football _________, if not better than, David.

A. as well                 B. as well as             C. so well                 D. so well as

此句的正常結(jié)構(gòu)是這樣的：John plays football as well as David, if he doesn’t play football better than David. 由于命題者將其后的狀語從句移至句中，且將其省略成 if not better than，不少學(xué)生(尤其是一些閱讀能力較差的學(xué)生)對(duì)這個(gè)句子的分析感到無從下手，從而導(dǎo)致誤選。此題正確答案應(yīng)為 B。

【分析】此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選A。這是一個(gè)省略句, 其中的  if not better than＝if he doesn't play football  better than。全句意為：吉姆踢足球如果不是比邁克踢得更好, 至少也是一樣好。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題 (答案均選D)：

(1) Her pronunciation is _________, if not better than, her teacher's.

A. as well                 B. as well as              C. as good                D. as good as

(2) This bridge is _________, if not stronger than, that one.

A. so strong              B. as strong              C. so strong as          D. as strong as

(3) He has been to Paris_________, if not more than, ten times.

A. so much               B. so many               C. so much               D. as many as

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