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名師詳解語法易錯題（11）

句式倒裝類錯誤

（內部講稿，僅供交流，請勿商用）

英語句子通常以“主語—謂語—賓語”這樣的順序排列，這種語序稱為自然語序。但有時由于修飾等方面的需要，將謂語、賓語或其他成分置于主語之前，從而構成倒裝語序。英語的倒裝語序又分部分倒裝和完全倒裝兩類。從理論上說，倒裝并不復雜，也不難，但問題是有時命題人巧妙在將倒裝與其他知識結合起來進行考查，即命題不是直接考查倒裝，而是借倒裝這種形式，以此為掩護考查其他知識點。下面請看幾個實例：

◇Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _________ lives his uncle.

A. which                  B. who                     C. where                  D. that

許多同學一看空格后面的謂語動詞 lives，便斷定空格處一定要填一個能用作主語的詞，很顯然這個詞應是 who，因為只有 who 與 lives 搭配才是合乎情理的，從而將鎖定為選項B。你是這樣分析的嗎？對不起，錯了！

◇_________ when one loses freedom does one know its value.

A. Just                     B. Only                     C. Even                    D. Ever

你若一看此題就認為這是考查 just, only, even, ever 四個的用法區別，從而去找一本同義詞詞典和用法詞典，來查查它們的異同，你很可能就要步入陷阱了。做對此題的關鍵要注意到句中的 …does one know its value 這一倒裝形式，你知道為什么注意此倒裝是關鍵嗎？

◇_________ he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

A. When                   B. If                         C. Had                      D. Has

【分析】此題也與倒裝有關，你知道它是屬于什么類型的倒裝嗎？你知道它是為什么要倒裝的嗎？

本節搜集了部分典型的與倒裝有關的陷阱題，供同學們練習之用。

1. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _________ lives his uncle.

A. which                  B. who                     C. where                  D. that

許多同學一看到空格后的謂語動詞lives，就以為空格處一定要填一個作主語的詞，從而誤選B或D。其實，此題的最佳答案應是C，where lives his uncle 為倒裝詞序，此句可改為 and there lives his uncle 或 and his uncle lives there。

2. Mr Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _________ some green trees.

A. which is               B. it is                      C. which are            D. them are

【分析】此題容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認為是其后句子的主語。其實，此題的最佳答案為C，around which are some green trees 是一個由“介詞+which”引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 some green trees，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應用are，而不是 is。請看類例(www.hz123456.com)：

Among these people was a foreigner from Europe. 他們當中有一個來自歐洲的老外。(句子主語是 a foreigner，among these people 是表語，所以謂語動詞用單數 was)

On the top of the tree were some birds. 樹頂上有一些鳥。(句子主語為 some birds，on the top of the tree 是表語，所以謂語動詞用復數 were)

The police found a large box under his bed, in which were some sex books. 警察在他的床底下找到一只大箱子，里面裝的是一些黃色書籍。(in which were some sex books 為非限制性定語從句，在該從句中，in which 是表語，some sex books 是主語，所以謂語動詞用復數were)

3. Good luck to you, and _________ all your wishes come true!

A. can                      B. may                     C. must                   D. should

答案選B，may 置于句首可表示祝愿，又如：

May you succeed. 祝你成功。

May God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你。

May you have a very happy married life. 祝你的婚姻生活幸福美滿。

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