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英語語法錯(cuò)用詞性典型考題（上）

英語和漢語不僅在遣詞造句、句型搭配、習(xí)慣用法等方面有很大的差別，就是在詞性方面也有很大的差別，并且這種差別有時(shí)會(huì)使同學(xué)們稍不小心就釀成錯(cuò)誤。本文為英語初學(xué)者整理了一些比較典的在詞性用法上容易出錯(cuò)的例題，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

例1. _________ he was in Japan, he visited many places.

A. During                B. Since                   C. While                  D. In

【分析】此題容易誤選 A，將介詞 during 誤用作連詞。正確答案應(yīng)為 C。不過此題若改為如下形式，則應(yīng)選介詞 during：

_________ his stay in Japan, he visited many places.

A. During                 B. Since                    C. While                   D. In

但是下面一例要填 while，而不能填 during，因?yàn)槠浜蠼拥囊咽且粋�(gè)介詞短語，所以不宜再用介詞 during，而用 while 可將其視為省略句：

_________ at school, he wrote his first novel.

A. During                 B. Since                    C. While                   D. In

可視為 While (he was) at school, he wrote his first novel. 之省略。

例2. I want him to go with us _________ he doesn’t.

A. even                    B. if                         C. even if                 D. if even

【分析】此題容易誤選 A，其實(shí)應(yīng)選 C。從語義上看，even 和 even if都可表示“即使”，如：

It was cold there even in July. 那里即使在七月，天氣都很冷。

Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there. 即使我得一路走著去，我也要走到那里。

Even if we could afford it, we wouldn’t go abroad for our holidays. 即使我們有能力，我們也不去國外度假。

但是兩者的詞性不同：even 是副詞，even if 是連詞，

例3. _________ the years slipped by, I thought less about her.

A. With                   B. As                        C. Since                   D. To

【分析】此題容易誤選 A，而其實(shí)應(yīng)選 B。雖然 with 和 as 均可表示“隨著”，但詞性不同：with 是介詞，后接名詞或代詞，而 as 用于此義時(shí)是連詞，后接句子。比較：

He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長，他會(huì)進(jìn)步的。

People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 時(shí)代變了，人們的觀念也會(huì)變化。

下題應(yīng)選答案C，你知道是什么原因了嗎？

_________ the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste has been produced.

A. As                       B. For                      C. With                    D. Through

例4. He walked _________ the stage and bowed to the audience.

A. across                  B. cross                    C. crossing               D. acrossing

【分析】此題容易誤選B。across 和 cross 均可表示“橫過”、“穿過”，但詞性不同：across 是介詞，cross 是動(dòng)詞。比較：

cross the street 橫過馬路                           walk across the street 走過馬路

cross a river 過河，渡河                           swim across a river 游過河

【分析】此題正確答案應(yīng)為A。請?jiān)倏匆焕��?/SPAN>

Don’t _________ the bridge until you come to it.

A. across                   B. cross                    C. through                D. over

【分析】此題最佳答案選B，從題干的句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，填空處只能填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，而在所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有B為動(dòng)詞，其余三個(gè)均為介詞。

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