二是加快經濟結構調整，提高經濟發展的質量和效益。堅持實施擴大內需戰略，內需對經濟增長的貢獻率明顯提高，經常項目順差占國內生產總值的比重從10.1%下降到2.6%。居民消費結構加快升級。2012年底，城鎮和農村人均住房面積32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分別比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；城鎮居民每百戶擁有家用汽車21.5輛，比2007年增加15.5輛；旅游、文化消費大幅增加。堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，大力推進產業轉型升級。我國制造業規模躍居全球首位，高技術制造業增加值年均增長13.4%，成為國民經濟重要先導性、支柱性產業；清潔能源、節能環保、新一代信息技術、生物醫藥、高端裝備制造等一批戰略性新興產業快速發展。產品質量整體水平不斷提高。服務業增加值占國內生產總值比重提高2.7個百分點，成為吸納就業最多的產業。扎實推進節能減排和生態環境保護。五年累計，共淘汰落后煉鐵產能1.17億噸、煉鋼產能7800萬噸、水泥產能7.75億噸；新增城市污水日處理能力4600萬噸；單位國內生產總值能耗下降17.2%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量分別下降15.7%和17.5%。修訂環境空氣質量標準，增加細顆粒物PM_2.5等監測指標。推進天然林保護、退耕還林、防沙治沙等重點生態工程建設，五年累計完成造林2953萬公頃，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196萬公頃，綜合治理水土流失面積24.6萬平方公里，整治國土面積18萬平方公里。深入實施區域發展總體戰略，頒布實施全國主體功能區規劃，制定西部大開發新十年指導意見和一系列區域發展規劃，加快推進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展，制定實施新十年農村扶貧開發綱要，將扶貧標準提高到2300元（2010年不變價），加強集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧攻堅。中西部和東北地區主要發展指標增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區產業轉型升級步伐加快，各具特色、良性互動的區域發展格局正在形成。積極穩妥推進城鎮化，五年轉移農村人口8463萬人，城鎮化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城鄉結構發生了歷史性變化。城鄉、區域發展的協調性明顯增強。

2. Accelerating adjustment of the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic development

We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand. As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.

The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.

— At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37.1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.

— Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.

— Travel- and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.

We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.

— China’s manufacturing industry became the largest in the world. With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.

— Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.

— The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.

— The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.

We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment. Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed:

— Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons.

— Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons.

— Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.

Moreover, in the past five years:

— Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons.

— Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 17.2%.

— Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%.

— Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%.

— Environmental air quality standards were revised.

— The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) was added.

Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest marginal farmland, and prevent and control desertification. Over the past five years:

— An additional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees.

— Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land.

— Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control.

— A total of 180,000 square kilometers of land were improved.

We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new ten-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang. We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and development, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties. Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average. Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.

We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently. Over the past five years:

— A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas.

— The urbanization level rose from 45.9% to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in China’s urban-rural population structure.

Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced.

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