五是堅持把人民利益放在第一位，著力保障和改善民生。我們把就業作為保障和改善民生的頭等大事，實施積極的就業政策。加強重點人群就業工作，提高職業培訓和就業服務水平，五年累計投入就業專項資金1973億元，實現高校畢業生就業2800萬人，城鎮就業困難人員就業830萬人，保持了就業形勢總體穩定。全面推進社會保障體系建設，建立新型農村社會養老保險和城鎮居民社會養老保險制度，城鄉居民基本養老保險實現了制度全覆蓋，各項養老保險參保達到7.9億人。企業退休人員基本養老金從2004年人均每月700元提高到現在的1721元。妥善解決關閉破產企業退休人員、困難企業職工、國有企業老工傷人員、未參保集體企業退休人員社會保險等問題。深化醫藥衛生體制改革，建立新型農村合作醫療制度和城鎮居民基本醫療保險制度，全民基本醫保體系初步形成，各項醫療保險參保超過13億人，加強城鄉基層醫療衛生服務體系建設，建立基本藥物制度并在基層醫療機構實施，公立醫院改革試點穩步推進。國民健康水平進一步提高，人均預期壽命達到75歲。健全城鄉居民低保、醫療、教育、法律等救助制度，改革完善孤兒保障、流浪兒童救助保護、農村五保供養制度。頒布實施新的中國婦女、兒童發展綱要，依法保障婦女兒童合法權益。建立健全城鎮保障性住房制度，覆蓋面逐步擴大，2012年底已達到12.5%。社會保障制度建設取得歷史性的巨大成就。不斷加強和創新社會管理，建立健全應急管理體系，發揮城鄉社區自治和服務功能，社會保持和諧穩定。

5. Putting the people’s interests first and striving to ensure and improve their wellbeing

We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people’s wellbeing and pursued a proactive employment policy. Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services. As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment. All this kept the overall employment situation stable.

We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents. A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present. We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.

We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents. A basic medical insurance system that covers the whole population is taking shape, and over 1.3 billion people are now covered by different medical insurance schemes. We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions. Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals. People’s health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.

The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved. We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.

We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.

We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country’s urban households by the end of 2012.

Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system. We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.

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