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五是堅(jiān)持把人民利益放在第一位，著力保障和改善民生。我們把就業(yè)作為保障和改善民生的頭等大事，實(shí)施積極的就業(yè)政策。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)工作，提高職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和就業(yè)服務(wù)水平，五年累計(jì)投入就業(yè)專項(xiàng)資金1973億元，實(shí)現(xiàn)高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)2800萬人，城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè)830萬人，保持了就業(yè)形勢(shì)總體穩(wěn)定。全面推進(jìn)社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)，建立新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和城鎮(zhèn)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度，城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了制度全覆蓋，各項(xiàng)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)參保達(dá)到7.9億人。企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金從2004年人均每月700元提高到現(xiàn)在的1721元。妥善解決關(guān)閉破產(chǎn)企業(yè)退休人員、困難企業(yè)職工、國有企業(yè)老工傷人員、未參保集體企業(yè)退休人員社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)等問題。深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，建立新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度和城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度，全民基本醫(yī)保體系初步形成，各項(xiàng)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)參保超過13億人，加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，建立基本藥物制度并在基層醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施，公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。國民健康水平進(jìn)一步提高，人均預(yù)期壽命達(dá)到75歲。健全城鄉(xiāng)居民低保、醫(yī)療、教育、法律等救助制度，改革完善孤兒保障、流浪兒童救助保護(hù)、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)制度。頒布實(shí)施新的中國婦女、兒童發(fā)展綱要，依法保障婦女兒童合法權(quán)益。建立健全城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房制度，覆蓋面逐步擴(kuò)大，2012年底已達(dá)到12.5%。社會(huì)保障制度建設(shè)取得歷史性的巨大成就。不斷加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理，建立健全應(yīng)急管理體系，發(fā)揮城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)自治和服務(wù)功能，社會(huì)保持和諧穩(wěn)定。

5. Putting the people’s interests first and striving to ensure and improve their wellbeing

We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people’s wellbeing and pursued a proactive employment policy. Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services. As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment. All this kept the overall employment situation stable.

We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents. A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present. We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.

We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents. A basic medical insurance system that covers the whole population is taking shape, and over 1.3 billion people are now covered by different medical insurance schemes. We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions. Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals. People’s health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.

The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved. We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.

We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.

We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country’s urban households by the end of 2012.

Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system. We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.

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