3.4 指示代詞that 用于遠指　　

如同that作限定詞一樣，指示代詞that(復數(shù)those)指遠處或遠時；this(these) 指近處或近時。　　

　3.4.1　用于空間上的“遠指”　　

試比較：　　

(1) This is really delicious; how do you make it? 這個味道真好，你是怎么做的？　　

(2) That smells nice. Is it for lunch?  那道菜聞起來真好。是不是午餐吃的？　　

句(1)是說話者正在吃的時候 (菜或其它吃的就在身邊)說的，所以用this；句(2)是說話者走進廚房聞到香味說的，因為還沒有接近，所以用that。　　

　3.4.2　 用于時間上的“遠指”   　　

因為this通常用來指現(xiàn)在或?qū)⒁�到來的時間，而 that指過去時間，所以在即將進行某種示范動作時，用this；在示范動作結(jié)束后用that。　　

試比較：　　

This is how you do it. 按下面方法來做。(示范動作前)　　

That’s how you do it. 按上述方法去做。(示范動作后)　　

　3.4.3　  用于語句中的“遠指”　　

a. 在語句中，通常用that(those)用于指上文提到的名詞(短語)。 例如：　　

The highest form of courage is not always that exhibited in the battle field. 　　

The water in this well is much cleaner than that in that one.　　

I hear you disliked his latest novel. I read his first novel, and that was boring, too.　　

You go to fresh places. Describe those. You meet with fresh people. Describe those.　　

Do you remember going to 　　Norway　　? That was a good holiday.　　

b. 在語句中，that通常用于指上文提到的從句或句子。 例如：　　

I knew I was useless, worthless, penniless, and that until I had qualified myself to do something.　　

Send her some flowers—that’s the easiest thing to do.　　

Many years ago their wives quarreled over some trivial matter, long forgotten. But one world led to another, and the quarrel developed into a permanent rupiture between them. That’s why the two men never visit each other’s houses.　　

This也可以這樣使用，但比that語氣更強。例如：　　

He asked for his brown raincoat, insisting that this was his usual coat during the winter months.　　

I heard Friday’s meeting has been cancelled. If this/that is so, I shall protest strongly.　　

在表示類指時，一般用that。例如：　　

You’re an angel—that you are.　　

指下文中將要提到的名詞(短語)、從句或句子時，偶爾也that，語氣強烈，常表示貶義的感情色彩。例如：　　

What do you think that? Bob smashed up my car, and then expected me to pay for the repairs.　　

Is that funny? To look for the existence of fish in the well!　　

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