(13) question 

This is the question that the participants collected information from their students about the meaning of being fair.

(14) risk

Yet the risk that Russia may join the ranks of U.S. adversaries is very real today.

6. NOUNS WITH OTHER MEANINGS

There are a large number of other nouns which have this pattern. All of them are abstract nouns which need the sort of definition or expansion that is provided by the that-clause.

(1) advantage

The Democrats have the advantage that the Republicans are in charge of the legislative branch now.

(2) anomaly 

So we have the anomaly that a lot of the truck drivers, for example, have seen a lot more combat than soldiers that are assigned to the Green Zone.

(3) appearance 

But if you hold someone’s gaze too long, or try not to blink, you give the appearance that you’re trying to intimidate him.

(4) basis 

Her request was denied on the basis that she did not supervise others.

(5) benefit

Our theory has the benefit that you can calculate what’s going to happen really easily, and you can compare it with other theories really easily and you can test how the theory works experimentally.

(6) case  

But he makes the case that true valor comes from purer motives.

(7) coincidence

It’s hard to speculate, but it’s also impossible to discount the coincidence that the night Peggy dies is this woman’s birthday.

(8) complication

From latitudes such as that of Britain, there is the additional complication that the altitude is always very low.

(9) connection

We fail to make the connection that this may be a consequence of low income.

(10) consequence

This has the unfortunate consequence that they are much more likely to kill their patients than to cure them.

(11) consideration

The difference was compounded even further with the consideration that American pay-rates were two or three times ours.

(12) contradiction

It is with this basic contradiction that Forester avoided sentimentality. 

(13) conundrum

So this is a policy that will get us out of the conundrum that failure is not a policy.

(14) convention 

There is a peculiar American cultural convention that "old news is no news," meaning that if any story, no matter how appalling, has seen some light of day a few weeks or months earlier, it is ipso facto drained of moral and political valence.

(15) deception  

And what was it but deception that she should present herself at Vendelin Gajdusek’s home and allow him to think she was her sister?

(16) dilemma

However, it is a dilemma that they will have to address if they are to take advantage of the clearer remit introduced by the reforms.

(17) disadvantage 

Printed material, however, has the disadvantage that it does not give the user the opportunity to experience interactive searching.

(18) discovery 

It followed the discovery that many old people metabolise the drug much more slowly than normal.

(19) effect  

Expert evidence was given to the effect that the chances of the child adjusting to a new life in Spain were very slim, and that failure to adjust would have very serious consequences on the child’s development.

(20) exception  

…, and I think we need to make it the rule rather than the exception that local government has a carer’s allowance scheme.

(21) fact 

Merson doesn’t hide the fact that he has been struggling with his weight.

(22) fiction  

Throughout this, Esther maintained the fiction that she was in love with her older brother Saul, and maintained it so well that not even Alix and Liz knew the truth of the matter.

(23) gamble  

THE new Five Nations Cup will be taken to Paris today as the tournament’s organisers gamble that France will be the first to win the trophy.

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