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三、以write為例的八種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

請(qǐng)讀者牢記這8個(gè)句子：

1. We write a composition every week.

2. I am writing a composition now.

3. Tom has written his composition and he wants to play.

4. We will write a composition next Monday.

5. Mary wrote a composition last night.

6. He was writing a composition when I got to his house.

7. I had written my composition before the bell rang.

8. She said she would write a composition next week.

【語(yǔ)法講解】

1. We write a composition every week.

【一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)】表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作以及事物現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。

【構(gòu)成】動(dòng)詞原形。主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要加s，(be用am, is, are)。

【常用的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)】now, at present, nowadays, today, always, forever, usually, often, sometimes, at times, from time to time, seldom, never 等。

He writes a composition every week.

I am a student. He is very upset. It is fine today. They are on the playground now.

【注意】客觀真理：

Light travels faster than sound.

在時(shí)間或者條件從句中，用一般時(shí)，不用將來(lái)時(shí)：

I don’t know when she will come. When she comes, please tell her the good news.

2. I am writing a composition now. Don’t trouble me.

【現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)】表示現(xiàn)在此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

【構(gòu)成】be (am, is, are ) + 現(xiàn)在分詞(動(dòng)詞-ing)。

【常用的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)】now, right now, at present, today, at the moment等。

【注意】下列兩句話不表示進(jìn)行：

My friends are coming to our party tonight. （將來(lái)）

Mary is always coming late. （批評(píng)）

此外，有些動(dòng)詞表示靜態(tài)意義(如“擁有，觀點(diǎn)”等have, belong to, like, think)，不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

I have two brothers. 我有兩個(gè)兄弟。

I’m having breakfast. 我正在吃早餐。

3. Tom has written his composition and he wants to play now.

【現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)】

(1) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。

(2) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。

【構(gòu)成】have (has) + 過(guò)去分詞(動(dòng)詞-ed)。

【常用的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)】just, already, yet, before, for a week, for a long time, since 2008, in the past (last) three years等。

Tom has eaten something. He is not hungry now. 湯姆吃了一些東西，他現(xiàn)在不餓了。

His uncle has worked in this factory since he left the army. 他叔叔自從離開(kāi)部隊(duì)以來(lái)一直在這家工廠上班。

We’ve known each other for about two years. 我們認(rèn)識(shí)大約有兩年了。

How long have you waited here? 你在這兒等了多久？

【注意】在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

I saw the film already. (= I have seen the film already.) 我看過(guò)這部電影。