三、問題的拓展

J. 米林頓-沃德(Millington-Ward, J.)著的The Use of Tenses in English英文版是1955年出版的，距今已經(jīng)半個(gè)世紀(jì)過去了。那么，這種用法是否已經(jīng)過時(shí)了呢？回答是否定的。

1. Laurie Rozakis著的English Grammar for the Utterly Cofused （Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies）P38 在 Present Perfect 用法中的Completed condition (indefinite time)中，列舉了一個(gè)例句：I have been very relieved.

2. English Grammar(A University Course Second Edition2006 Angela Downing and Philip Locke)P364-365:

By ‘current revelance’ we mean that the event referred to by means of the Present Perfect is psychologically connected to speech time, and has some (implicit) relevance to it.

This meaning is quoted all accounts of the present perfect and is consideredby some to be the main one. It is undoubtedly of the utmost importance. Nevertheless, we prefer to consider current relevance as a pragmatic implication deriving from the combination of time-frame, perfect aspect and verb type. This will become clear as we turn to the interpretation of the perfect in discourse.

At this point we simply illustrate the notion of current relevance as follows: They have been outimplies that they have now come back, whereas They went out has no such implication.

The experiential Perfectrefer to the fact there have been one or more experiences of the event in the recent history 1 and 2, or in the life-span 3 of a certain person up to the present time, as in

1. I’ve been ill.

2. We’ve been away.

3. You’ve been in Brighton, and you’ve lived inKingstonand now, you live in Lews.

根據(jù)以上論證，我們可知：帶時(shí)間范圍的是“非終止式用法”，不帶時(shí)間范圍的是“終止式用法”。

現(xiàn)在，我們再來看 He has been married 這句話，明顯是不帶時(shí)間范圍的，應(yīng)屬于是“終止式用法”，即他現(xiàn)在是unmarried，由此可見：秦裕祥著的《英語語法專題研究》(湖南師范大學(xué)出版社 1999年5月第1版)P55認(rèn)為：He has been married. (He is no longer married.)，這種說法是正確的；而莊志興編著的《高考必備英語語法大全》(世界知識出版社 2005年1月第1版)P89：She has been married. (暗示她現(xiàn)在不是單身)，這種說法是錯(cuò)誤的。

再來看章振邦主編的《新編高級英語語法》(上海外語教育出版社 2012年12月第1版)P123的一個(gè)例句：Her doll has been broken.(含義是至今未修好)，明顯是不帶時(shí)間范圍的，應(yīng)屬于是“終止式用法”，即her doll “現(xiàn)在已修好”。

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